{"id":427,"date":"2019-02-16T02:07:32","date_gmt":"2019-02-15T23:07:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/94.237.85.66\/?p=427"},"modified":"2020-05-04T11:15:13","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T08:15:13","slug":"ta-thu-thau-vietnamli-trockist-onder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2019\/02\/16\/ta-thu-thau-vietnamli-trockist-onder\/","title":{"rendered":"Ta Thu Thau: Vietnaml\u0131 Tro\u00e7kist \u00f6nder"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ngo Van Xuyet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Tha Thu Thau (Vietnam\u2019daki Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrge idaresine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve Tro\u00e7kist \u00f6nder), Ho Chi Minh\u2019in emriyle Stalinistler taraf\u0131ndan vuruldu. Bir ba\u015fka Vietnaml\u0131 Tro\u00e7kist olan Ngo Van Xuyet\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Tha Thu Thau\u2019nun k\u0131sa biyografisini yay\u0131ml\u0131yoruz. \u0130lk kez, Revolutionary History, Vol. 3, N. 2, G\u00fcz 1990 say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta Thu Thau\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi konusunda Vietnaml\u0131 Stalinistlerle Britanya\u2019da ilk y\u00fczle\u015fme denemesi i\u00e7in \u00f6vg\u00fcy\u00fc, 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1969\u2019da Londra\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve Vietnam Dayan\u0131\u015fma Kampanyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Ho Chi Minh Anma T\u00f6reni\u2019nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada konuyu ortaya atan Uluslararas\u0131 Sosyalistler\u2019den Chris Harman hak ediyor. Bu konu\u015fma, Stalinist rejimin temsilcisinin protestolar e\u015fli\u011finde sahneden inmesiyle ve salonda hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir karga\u015fayla sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho Chi Minh\u2019in sorumlulu\u011fu, Ho Chi Minh et les Trotskystes,\u00a0Chroniques Vietnamiennes, no. 1, Kas\u0131m 1986, pp.13-18\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan \u00fc\u00e7er mektup ve m\u00fclakatla kan\u0131tland\u0131. Onunkiyle birlikte, Tran Van Giau\u2019nun ki\u015fisel sorumlulu\u011fu da, Fransa ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 (Peter Salmon,\u00a0Killer Confronted,\u00a0Workers Press, 24 \u015eubat 1990).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu metin ilk defa Selahattin Eren taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tha Thu Thau,<\/strong> 6 May\u0131s 1906\u2019da Tan Binh\u2019de (Longxuy\u00ean, g\u00fcney Vietnam), geni\u015f ve \u00e7ok yoksul bir ailenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak do\u011fdu: Babas\u0131 marangozdu. 1925\u2019te, Saygon\u2019da \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.(1)<\/strong> 20 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Tha Thu Thau, \u201ce\u011fitimli\u201d \u00e7o\u011fu gen\u00e7 gibi, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Frans\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacak olan Gen\u00e7 Anam adl\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i gruba kat\u0131ld\u0131 \u2013 daha sonra bu deneyimini \u201cgen\u00e7lik delili\u011fi\u201d olarak adland\u0131racakt\u0131.(2)<\/strong> 24 Mart 1926\u2019da Ta Thu Thau, me\u015frutiyet\u00e7i-milliyet\u00e7i lider Bui Quang-Chi\u00eau\u2019n\u00fcn Fransa\u2019dan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc talep etmek i\u00e7in bir kitlesel g\u00f6steriye ve 4 Nisan 1926\u2019da, eski milliyet\u00e7i Phan Chau Trinh\u2019in cenazesi i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131ld\u0131.(3)<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l 21 Mart\u2019ta, Lanzarotte Sokak\u2019ta, Saygon\u2019da, demokratik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler i\u00e7in ve her ikisi de Anam\u2019\u0131n yerlisi olan Anaml\u0131lar ile Tonkinlilerin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131 Nguyen An Ninh taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen bir toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131ld\u0131. Milliyet\u00e7i avukat Phan Van Truong\u2019un Anam gazetesinde yazd\u0131.(4)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta Thu Thau, Eyl\u00fcl 1927\u2019de Fransa\u2019ya gitti ve Paris \u00dcniversitesi Fen Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019ne kaydoldu. Dang Viet Nam D\u00f4c Lap\u2019a (Anam\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Partisi \u2013 PAI) kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve kurucusu Nguyen The Truyen 1928\u2019de Vietnam\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fcnce, onun g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlendi.(5)<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda yay\u0131na ba\u015flayan, ama k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ayl\u0131k gazete Resurrection<\/strong>(Dirili\u015f), Huynh Van Phuong\u2019un i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle Ta Thu Thau taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.(6)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ocak 1929\u2019da, Pierre Taittinger\u2019in Yurtsever Gen\u00e7li\u011fi (Jeunesse Patriotes), PAI\u2019nin etkisi alt\u0131ndaki Anaml\u0131larla \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ta Thu Thau, \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli\u201d oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin gazetesi L\u2019Humanit\u00e9<\/strong>\u2019yi (\u0130nsanl\u0131k) ve bu g\u00f6steride tutuklanan Anaml\u0131lar\u0131 savunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019ni (PCF) hedef ald\u0131; PAI i\u00e7indeki \u201ckar\u015f\u0131devrimci hizip\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d nedeniyle \u201cPCF\u2019den intikam al\u0131nmas\u0131\u201d gerekti\u011fini yazd\u0131. PCF\u2019nin s\u00f6m\u00fcrge seksiyonunda Nguyen Van Tao\u2019nun(8)<\/strong> \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Anamal\u0131 grup, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucunda PAI \u00fcyelerini, kendi tabirleriyle \u201ciradelerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren makineler\u201de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi umut ediyordu. Ta Thu Thau taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan bir bro\u015f\u00fcr \u015fu sonuca ula\u015f\u0131yordu: \u201cA\u011f\u0131za al\u0131namaz k\u00f6leli\u011fimizden,t\u00fcm s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerdeki ezilenlere hayk\u0131r\u0131yoruz: E\u011fer kendinize bu d\u00fcnyada bir yer bulmak istiyorsan\u0131z, beyaz ya da k\u0131z\u0131l, Avrupa emperyalizmine kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fin<\/em>\u201d. Mart 1929\u2019da, Ta Thu Thau\u2019nun PAI\u2019yi savunma \u00e7abalar\u0131, bu partinin Seine B\u00f6lge Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131lmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 ila 30 Temmuz 1929\u2019da Ta Thu Thau, Frankfurt\u2019ta, Antiemperyalist Birlik\u2019in ikinci kongresine kat\u0131ld\u0131.(9)<\/strong> Paris\u2019te sol \u00e7evrelerden Felicien Challaye, Francis Jourdain ve Daniel Gu\u00e9rin ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131.(10)<\/strong> Gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki milliyet\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini terk etti ve Tro\u00e7kist Sol Muhalefet\u2019e girdi. Hen\u00fcz 23 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9-10 \u015eubat 1930 gecesi, Viet Nam Qu\u00f4c D\u00e2n Dang\u2019\u0131 (Anam Kuomintang\u2019\u0131)(11)<\/strong> ilham alan Y\u00ean Bay\u2019daki ayaklanmay\u0131 takip ederek, Ta Thu Thau, Sol Muhalefet\u2019in Paris\u2019teki yay\u0131n organ\u0131 La V\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/strong>\u2019de (Ger\u00e7ek \u2013 Nisan\/May\u0131s\/Haziran 1930) Hindi\u00e7in devrimine ili\u015fkin politik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYapay olarak yarat\u0131lan yerli burjuvazi, herhangi bir devrim yapacak kabiliyete sahip de\u011fil… ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak var olamayan yerli burjuva blok, onu yak\u0131n\u0131nda tutan ve devrimci m\u00fccadeleyi Anam milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ad\u0131na par\u00e7alamak i\u00e7in kullanan Frans\u0131z burjuvazisine kendisini s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flad\u0131.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00d6rg\u00fct ile sivil n\u00fcfus aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 olmadan \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fekilde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen Y\u00ean Bay\u2019daki ayaklanma, karma\u015f\u0131k bir ideolojik temel… demokrasi, milliyet\u00e7ilik ve sosyalizmin Sun Yat Senci bir sentezi<\/em>(12)<\/strong> … bir t\u00fcr milliyet\u00e7i mistisizm…\u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBu politika, somut s\u0131n\u0131f ili\u015fkilerini ve yerli burjuvazi ile Frans\u0131z emperyalizmi aras\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek ve organik ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 mu\u011flakta b\u0131rakt\u0131 … Derhal ve tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131ktan s\u00f6z edenler, mekanik ve bi\u00e7imsel bir m\u00fccadele anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feye sahip de\u011filler. \u0130\u00e7lerinden biri bile, bu etkileyici s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin ard\u0131nda, toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli molek\u00fcler de\u011fi\u015fimlerini i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir halk\u0131n var oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphe edemez; bu s\u0131n\u0131flar, bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ek ve ebedi olan \u0131rklar aras\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezdirler\u2026 Ne ter\u00f6rizm ne de Gandizm s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zebilir… Ancak proleter ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc kitlelerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi \u00fczerine kurulu bir devrim, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri kurtarabilir… Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sorunu, proleter sosyalist devrim sorununa ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada Ta Thu Thau, Marksist kadrolar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmedeki ihmalleri ve \u201cs\u00fcrmekte olan devrimci durum\u201d dedikleri Hindi\u00e7in\u2019deki duruma ili\u015fkin ampirik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal ve PCF\u2019yi ele\u015ftirdi; \u201cproleter devrimcilerin milliyet\u00e7i partilere teslim edilmesine\u201d ve \u201c\u00c7in devriminin mezara g\u00f6nderilmesine yol a\u00e7an Enternasyonal\u2019in yanl\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131\u201d, yani macerac\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00f6nem politikas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fhir etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giydi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

22 May\u0131s 1930\u2019da Paris\u2019te Champs Elys\u00e9es\u2019de Anamal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciler, Y\u00ean Bay ayaklanmas\u0131na kat\u0131lan 50\u2019den fazla ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steri d\u00fczenlediler. Ta Thu Thau tutukland\u0131 ve 30 May\u0131s\u2019ta 18 yurtta\u015f\u0131yla beraber Fransa\u2019dan Vietnam\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 Tro\u00e7kist Ta doi l\u00e2p (Sol Muhalefet), 1931\u2019in sonuna do\u011fru Saygon\u2019da olu\u015fturuldu\u011funda, Tha Thu Thau kuruculardan biriydi. Ancak, grup \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden \u00fc\u00e7 hizbe b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc: Ta Thu Thau, 1 May\u0131s 1932\u2019den itibaren V\u00f4 San<\/strong> (Proleter<\/strong>) ad\u0131nda bir haber b\u00fclteni yay\u0131mlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. D\u00f4ng duaong c\u00f4n san (Hindi\u00e7in kom\u00fcnizmi) grubunu \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. Fransa\u2019dan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenlerin aras\u0131nda bulunan Huynh Van Phuong ve Phan Van Chanh, Ta doi l\u00e2p tung tho<\/strong> (Sol Muhalefet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong>) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kom\u00fcnist propaganda gazeteleri yay\u0131mlad\u0131lar. Fransa\u2019dan bir ba\u015fka s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olan Ho Huu Tuong, Hindi\u00e7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nden di\u011fer muhaliflerle birlikte, Thang muoi<\/strong> (Ekim<\/strong>) grubunu kurdu.(13)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 gruplar, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra ciddi bask\u0131lara maruz kald\u0131. K\u0131rk bir ki\u015fi, Saygon\u2019da ve Baclieu, Baria, Giadinh ve Soctrang eyaletlerinde tutukland\u0131. 8 A\u011fustos 1932\u2019de tutuklanan Ta Thu Thau, uyar\u0131larak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131; ancak, 1 May\u0131s 1933\u2019te, 21 Tro\u00e7kistin yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava sonucunda 15 eylemci, d\u00f6rt ay ila be\u015f y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30 Nisan ve 7 May\u0131s 1933\u2019te yap\u0131lan Saygon belediye se\u00e7imlerinde, Ta Thu Thau, Stalinist kom\u00fcnist Nguyen Van Tao ile milliyet\u00e7iler Nguyen An Ninh, Tran Van Thach, Le Van Thu, Trinh Hung Ngau ve di\u011ferleriyle birlikte yasal ajitasyon y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.(14)<\/strong> Bu grup, Hindi\u00e7in\u2019de al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k bir \u015fey yaparak, se\u00e7imlerde bir \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i\u201d listesi (so lao dong) olu\u015fturdu.Frans\u0131zca yay\u0131n yapan La Lutte<\/strong> (M\u00fccadele<\/strong>) adl\u0131 bir gazete, kampanyay\u0131 desteklemek amac\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131(Anama dilindeki gazeteler sans\u00fcre t\u00e2biydi); ilk yay\u0131n 24 Nisan 1933\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve gazete, se\u00e7imlerin ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc kapand\u0131. \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i\u201d listesinden iki aday, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci toplumu serseme \u00e7evirerek, belediye meclisine se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l 15 Kas\u0131m\u2019da, Fransa\u2019da eski \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubunun giri\u015fimiyle, Ta Thu Thau, kooperatif \u00fcniversitesinde bir araya gelen \u00f6\u011frenci ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerden olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dinleyici kitleye diyalektik dersi verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1934\u2019te, Tro\u00e7kistlerin, Stalinistlerin ve milliyet\u00e7ilerin \u201cBirle\u015fik Cephesi\u201d i\u00e7inden, \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in\u201d La Lutte<\/strong> grubu resmen olu\u015fturuldu; Tro\u00e7kistler, SSCB ve Stalinizm ele\u015ftirilerini, Stalinistler ise Tro\u00e7kizm ele\u015ftirilerini ask\u0131ya ald\u0131lar ve 4 Ekim 1934\u2019te La Lutte<\/strong> gazetesi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6reve geldikleri se\u00e7im iptal edilince(15)<\/strong>, grup \u00fcyeleri, May\u0131s 1935\u2019te yap\u0131lan belediye se\u00e7imlerinde yeniden aday oldular. Ta Thu Thau se\u00e7ilenlerin aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u201cY\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bas\u0131n faaliyetleri\u201d nedeniyle yetkililerce aranan Ta Thu Thau, 27 Haziran 1935\u2019te iki y\u0131l hapse mahk\u00fbm edildi ve 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1935\u2019te temyiz mahkemesi bu cezay\u0131 onad\u0131. 26 Aral\u0131k 1935\u2019te, La Lutte<\/strong>\u2019den se\u00e7ilen di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 temsilciyle birlikte Ta Thu Thau, \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k iki tekerlekli arabalar\u0131n \u015fof\u00f6rlerinin grevini destekleyen konu\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle tutukland\u0131; ertesi g\u00fcn serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar. 18 Mart 1936\u2019da La Lutte<\/strong> gazetesi davas\u0131nda, Ta Thu Thau, Saygon mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan 500 frank para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haziran 1936\u2019da Fransa\u2019da bir Halk Cephesi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin iktidara gelmesi, Hindi\u00e7in\u2019i saran geni\u015f bir halk hareketini ba\u015flatt\u0131: Kau\u00e7uk tarlalar\u0131nda, limanda, demiryollar\u0131nda grevler ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc g\u00f6sterileri d\u00fczenlendi.(16)<\/strong> 13 A\u011fustos 1936\u2019da, \u00e7o\u011funlukla La Lutte<\/strong> grubu militanlar\u0131 ve anayasal-milliyet\u00e7i parti \u00f6nderlerinin bir araya geldi\u011fi bir toplant\u0131da, Hindi\u00e7in Kongresi hareketi i\u00e7in planlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Halk Cephesi h\u00fck\u00fcmetine sunmak \u00fczere, demokratik taleplerden olu\u015fan bir belgenin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir komite olu\u015fturuldu. Kongre hareketi, 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1936\u2019da yasakland\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in yasama komisyonunda g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f olan Ta Thu Thau, Nguyen Van Tao ve Nguyen An Ninh ile birlikte hapsedildi. 11 g\u00fcnl\u00fck a\u00e7l\u0131k grevinin ard\u0131ndan 5 Kas\u0131m\u2019da, hepsi serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1937\u2019de sanayi grevleri ile k\u00f6yl\u00fc g\u00f6sterileri bir kez daha patlak verdi. Ta Thu Thau, 18 May\u0131s\u2019tan 7 Haziran\u2019a kadar, kendisini yeniden hapiste buldu ve daha sonra, 9 Temmuz\u2019da Saygon mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan, temyiz edece\u011fi iki y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edildi. PCF\u2019nin Stalinistlere, Tro\u00e7kistler ile ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 vermesi bu d\u00f6neme rastlar (bkz. Gitton\u2019un mektubu, 19 May\u0131s 1937).(17)<\/strong> Demiryolu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n genel grevi, Ta Thu Thau\u2019nun 23 Temmuz 1937\u2019de yeniden hapsi boylamas\u0131na neden oldu. 12 g\u00fcnl\u00fck a\u00e7l\u0131k grevinden sonra, 17 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de, bir sedye \u00fczerinde yine Saygon mahkemesinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Yar\u0131 fel\u00e7liydi. 11 Kas\u0131m\u2019da 2 y\u0131l daha hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilen Ta Thu Thau, 14 \u015eubat 1939\u2019da Anama yeni y\u0131l\u0131 arifesinde, cezas\u0131n\u0131n bitiminden \u00fc\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce \u015fartl\u0131 tahliye edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta Thu Thau, Tro\u00e7kist yolda\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019i savunan Tranh dau<\/strong> gazetesini (Ekim 1938\u2019den itibaren Anama dilinde yay\u0131na ba\u015flayan eski La Lutte<\/strong>) yay\u0131mlamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Gazete sayfalar\u0131nda, iki yolda\u015f\u0131 Tran Van Thach and Phan Var Hum(18) <\/strong>ile birlikte se\u00e7ildi\u011fi, 16 ve 30 Nisan 1939\u2019da yap\u0131lan S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Meclisi se\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in bir kampanya y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.(19)<\/strong> Programlar\u0131nda, \u201cHindi\u00e7in\u2019i savunmak i\u00e7in\u201d halktan toplanan 33 milyon kuru\u015fluk i\u00e7 borca muhalefet de bulunuyordu ve bu, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerini sava\u015fa haz\u0131r duruma ge\u00e7irmek zorunda oldu\u011fu \u015feklindeki, Hindi\u00e7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin PCF\u2019ninkiyle ayn\u0131 do\u011frultudaki – May\u0131s 1935 Laval-Stalin pakt\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olan – pozisyonuyla \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. 1 Ekim 1939\u2019da Phan Van Hum, bu militarizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 propaganda nedeniyle be\u015f y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta Thu Thau\u2019nun Siam\u2019a gitmek \u00fczere Saygon\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na 21 A\u011fustos 1939\u2019da izin verildi. Orada t\u0131bbi tedavi g\u00f6rmeyi umuyordu. Ancak, sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve 11 Ekim 1939\u2019da tutuklanarak Saygon\u2019a geri g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Tranh dau<\/strong> gazetesi, 26 Eyl\u00fcl 1393 tarihli yasaklama emrinin kapsam\u0131na giren gazetelerin, Ta Thu Thau grubu ise (Ekim 1939\u2019da verilen) da\u011f\u0131tma emrinin kapsam\u0131na giren \u201ckom\u00fcnist grup ve derneklerin\u201d aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. 16 Nisan 1940\u2019da, Saygon mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan be\u015f y\u0131l hapse, 10 y\u0131l boyunca k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ve 10 y\u0131l medeni haklar\u0131ndan mahrum kalmaya mahk\u00fbm edilen Ta Thu Thau, Ekim 1940\u2019da, Poulo Condore adas\u0131ndaki toplama kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darbe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1944 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda kamptan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra Ta Thu Thau, Sosyalist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019ni (Dan xa hoi tho thuyen) in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mart 1945\u2019te Japon darbesi, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Frans\u0131z idaresine son verdi ve yerine Bao Dai and Tran Tron Kim h\u00fck\u00fcmetini koydu.(20)<\/strong>  1945 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda, Ta Thu Thau, Tonkin\u2019e gitti ve Dan phuong b\u00f6lgesinde, Sosyalist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin Kuzey Vietnam yay\u0131n organ\u0131 Chieu dau (Sava\u015f)<\/strong> gazetesini yay\u0131mlayan Luon Due Thiep, Khuong Huu An ve di\u011ferleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok Tro\u00e7kist militanla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta Thu Thau, Nam dinh, Haiphong ve Hai duong\u2019daki maden b\u00f6lgelerinde yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Japon y\u00f6netiminin devrilmesi ve A\u011fustos 1945\u2019de Ho Chi Minh\u2019in iktidara gelmesinin ard\u0131ndan(21)<\/strong>, Ta Thu Thau, g\u00fcney Vietnam\u2019a d\u00f6nebilece\u011fini umuyordu; ancak, Vietminh taraf\u0131ndan Quang ngai\u2019da tutukland\u0131 ve Eyl\u00fcl 1945\u2019te \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.(22)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daniel Guerin\u2019e g\u00f6re, 1946\u2019da Ho Chi Minh, Ta Thu Thau\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine \u015fu s\u00f6zleri sarf etti: \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck bir vatanseverdi ve onun yas\u0131n\u0131 tutuyoruz … ancak, belirledi\u011fimiz politik hatta kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan herkes k\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23 Eyl\u00fcl 1945 Saygon ayaklanmas\u0131ndan bir ay sonra Ta Thu Thau\u2019nun en yak\u0131n yolda\u015flar\u0131, Vietnam\u2019\u0131 yeniden fethetmeyi hedefleyen Fransa ve Britanya g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 Tranh dau<\/strong> grubunu – 200 Tranh dau<\/strong> \u00fcyesinin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi – bir sava\u015fa soktular; t\u0131pk\u0131 Ta Thu Thau gibi, Tranh dau<\/strong> \u00f6nderleri de Ho Chi Minh taraftarlar\u0131nca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak, 1939\u2019da Ho Chi Minh\u2019in, Tro\u00e7kistleri \u201culuslararas\u0131 \u00c7in, \u0130spanyol, \u0130talyan ve Alman fa\u015fizmine\u201c hizmet eden\u201ckaranl\u0131k casus ve hainler\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayan, \u201csevgili yolda\u015flar\u0131na\u201d \u00fc\u00e7 mektup yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m. Onlar\u0131 katletmek, bu tespitin dolayl\u0131, ama \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir gere\u011fiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir insan olarak Ta Thu Thau, cana yak\u0131n ve a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131. Nisan 1937\u2019de, Vali Pages\u2019in(23)<\/strong> \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na yan\u0131t olarak \u015funu bildirdi: \u201cBen bir devrimciyim ve damarlar\u0131mda kan akt\u0131k\u00e7a bir devrimci olarak kalaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dipnotlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.)<\/strong> Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi\u2019nin 1975\u2019teki zaferinin ard\u0131ndan Saygon, Ho Chi Minh Kenti olarak yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.)<\/strong> Fransa, 1848\u2019den itibaren Vietnam\u2019a askeri heyetler g\u00f6nderdi (daha sonra Anam ulusunu olu\u015fturacak orta ve g\u00fcney Vietnam ile Tonkin olarak bilinen kuzey Vietnam\u2019a). Vietnam ve Kambo\u00e7ya, 1860\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda tamamen Frans\u0131z denetimindeydi ve 1893\u2019te Laos\u2019un fethi ile birlikte, bu denetim t\u00fcm Hindi\u00e7in\u2019e yay\u0131ld\u0131. Ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketi, yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda burjuva komplosu bi\u00e7imine b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc, 1920\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda bir kitle hareketi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Me\u015frutiyet\u00e7i Parti 1923\u2019te kuruldu; ulusal devrimci \u00f6rg\u00fctler de h\u0131zla t\u00fcredi. Gen\u00e7 Anam (Viet Nam Thanh Nien Dang) bunlardan biriydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.)<\/strong> Bui Quang Chieu, 1920\u2019lerde, Phan Chau Trinh\u2019in cenaze t\u00f6reni gibi f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kullanarak, feodal s\u0131n\u0131fa ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilere kar\u015f\u0131 kitle tepkisini uyand\u0131ran burjuva Me\u015frutiyet\u00e7i Parti\u2019yi kurdu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketi ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca, 1930\u2019da vaktinden evvelki ayaklanmalardan itibaren, Me\u015frutiyet\u00e7iler, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir tutum tak\u0131nd\u0131lar; s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve polisle yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.)<\/strong> Phan Chau Trinh, Hue mahkemesinde g\u00f6rev yapan y\u00fcksek dereceli bir memurdu (mandarin); 1905\u2019te mahkemedeki yolsuzluktan tiksinerek g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve Hong Kong\u2019da s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki eski milliyet\u00e7i Phan Boi Chan\u2019a kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1906\u2019da Vietnam\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, 1908\u2019de bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmakla su\u00e7land\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l hapiste yatt\u0131. Serbest kald\u0131ktan sonra, politik faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.)<\/strong> Nguyen An Ninh, milliyet\u00e7i harekete kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Paris\u2019te hukuk e\u011fitimi ald\u0131. 1923\u2019te Vietnam\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve ba\u015fka \u015feylerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Vietnam\u2019da ilk kez Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto<\/strong>\u2019yu yay\u0131mlayan milliyet\u00e7i La Cloche Fel\u00e9e (\u00c7atlak \u00c7an)<\/strong> gazetesini kurdu; 1930\u2019larda Hindi\u00e7in Kongre hareketi ve La Lutte (M\u00fccadele) <\/strong>i\u00e7inde ba\u015frol oynad\u0131. 3.000 ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rue Lanzarotte mitingi, Saygon\u2019daki ilk kamusal politik toplant\u0131s\u0131 oldu. La Cloche Fel\u00e9e\u2019yi (\u00c7atlak \u00c7an)<\/strong>, May\u0131s 1926\u2019da Anam<\/strong> izledi. Edit\u00f6r\u00fc Phan Van Truong, 1912\u2019de Fransa\u2019da \u00f6\u011frenciyken milliyet\u00e7i harekete kat\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguyen The Truyen de, Fransa\u2019da \u00f6\u011frenciyken milliyet\u00e7i harekete kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1922-23\u2019de Frans\u0131z imparatorlu\u011fundaki t\u00fcm anti-emperyalistleri birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in L\u2019Union Intercoloniale\u2019i (S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler Aras\u0131 Birlik) olu\u015fturdu. 1928\u2019de Vietnam\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 1936-37\u2019de Fransa\u2019ya d\u00f6nerek, Cezayirli Messali Hadji ile birlikte, bir ezilen uluslar birli\u011fi kurmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.) <\/strong>Huynh Van Phuong, Mytho ailesindendi; 1927\u2019de, Tro\u00e7kist Sol Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Paris\u2019e hukuk e\u011fitimi almaya gitti. 1930\u2019da Ta Thu Thau ile birlikte Vietnam\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen Huynh Van Phuong, Saygon\u2019da Sol Muhalefet\u2019in gazetesinin yaz\u0131 i\u015flerini y\u00f6netti ve La Lutte<\/strong> grubunda etkin bir rol oynad\u0131. 1945\u2019te Stalinistler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.)<\/strong> 1924 se\u00e7imlerinden sonra bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Pierre Taittinger\u2019in Jeunesse Patriotes\u2019u (Vatansever Gen\u00e7lik), Mussolini\u2019den esinlenen Frans\u0131z fa\u015fistlerdi. Aleni provokasyonlar\u0131nda mavi ya\u011fmurluk giyip mavi bere takan l\u00fcmpen e\u015fk\u0131yalard\u0131 bunlar; (ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu eski asker olan) Croix de Feu\u2019ye ve \u015eubat 1934\u2019teki fa\u015fist darbe giri\u015fimini y\u00f6neten Charles Maurras\u2019\u0131n Action Directe\u2019ine k\u0131yasla, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nitelikliydiler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.)<\/strong> Nguyen Van Tao, Paris\u2019te \u00f6\u011frenciyken Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1927\u2019de profesyonel militan oldu; 1931\u2019de Stalinist \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7inde lider rol\u00fc oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Vietnam\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1927\u2019de Br\u00fcksel\u2019de Stalinist Komintern\u2019in etkisi alt\u0131nda kurulan Anti-emperyalist Birlik, bar\u0131\u015fseverleri ve di\u011fer k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva solcular\u0131 bir araya getirdi. Ta Thu Thau\u2019nun da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Frankfurt Kongresi, k\u0131sa \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc sona erdirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.)<\/strong> Felicien Chaalaye, Francis Jourdain ve tarih\u00e7i-yazar Daniel Guerin, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc destekleyen say\u0131s\u0131z eyleme ilham veren, 1933\u2019te Vietnaml\u0131 politik tutsaklar i\u00e7in kampanya organize eden Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurucular\u0131 Frans\u0131z anti-emperyalistlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.)<\/strong> The Yen Bay ayaklanmas\u0131, \u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda konumland\u0131r\u0131lan Anam birliklerinin isyan\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131; bu birlikler, subaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp bir geceli\u011fine garnizonun denetimini ele ge\u00e7irdiler, ama di\u011fer garnizonlar ayaklanmad\u0131 ya da ayaklanmalar\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131. Co Am k\u00f6y\u00fc, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra ayakland\u0131 ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z hava bombard\u0131manlar\u0131yla bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ayaklanman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Frans\u0131z bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddeti, bir politik g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak Viet Nam Quoc Dong\u2019u bitirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11.)<\/strong> Sun Yat Sen, burjuva-milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7in Ulusal Partisi\u2019nin (Kuomintang) kurucusuydu; felsefesi, anti-emperyalist milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve burjuva demokrasisinin bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12.)<\/strong> Phanh Van Chanh, 1929\u2019da Paris\u2019te Sol Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1930\u2019da Ta Thu Thau ile birlikte s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. \u00d6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131, Sol Muhalefet\u2019in Saygon\u2019daki gazetesinin edit\u00f6r\u00fcyd\u00fc. 1940-43\u2019te Poulo Condore\u2019ye s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen Phanh Van Chanh, Ekim 1945\u2019te Ben Sue, Thu Dau Mot\u2019ta Stalinistler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Huynh Van Phuong i\u00e7in 6. nota bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13.)<\/strong> Ho Huu Tuong, politik ya\u015fam\u0131na bir milliyet\u00e7i olarak ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Fransa\u2019da Aix-en-Provence ve Lyon\u2019da \u00f6\u011frenciyken Tro\u00e7kist harekete kat\u0131ld\u0131; 1931\u2019de Saygon\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Daha sonra Enternasyonalist Kom\u00fcnistler Birli\u011fi haline gelen Ekim<\/strong> grubu, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019i destekledi ve Le Militant<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131; La Lutte<\/strong>\u2019e kat\u0131lmad\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Stalinistleri ele\u015ftirmekten vazge\u00e7mek anlam\u0131na gelecekti bu; 1945 devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fcyeleri, sovyet tipi i\u015f\u00e7i konseylerinin kurulu\u015funda lider rol oynad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Ho Huu Tuong, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Tro\u00e7kizm\u2019i terk etmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 1945\u2019te devrime kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14.)<\/strong> Bir milliyet\u00e7i olan Tran Van Thach, Paris\u2019te okudu ve 1930\u2019da Ta Thu Thau ile birlikte Vietnam\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131 ve La Lutte<\/strong> i\u00e7indeki m\u00fccadeleyi izleyerek, 1937\u2019de Tro\u00e7kist oldu. 1939\u2019da Saygon S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Konseyi\u2019ne se\u00e7ildi; 1940\u2019tan 1944\u2019e kadar, Poulo Condore\u2019de hapis yatt\u0131 ve 1945\u2019te Thu Dau Mot\u2019ta Stalinistler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Paris\u2019ten bir ba\u015fka s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olan Le Van Thu, milliyet\u00e7i olarak kald\u0131 ama La Lutte<\/strong> ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi i\u00e7inde etkin bir rol oynad\u0131. Ta Thu Thau ile birlikte Anam<\/strong> gazetesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Trinh Hung Ngau, anar\u015fist e\u011filimlere sahip olan bir milliyet\u00e7iydi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

15.) La Lutte <\/strong>kurulu se\u00e7imleri, vergilerin \u00f6denmemesi gibi d\u00fczmece gerek\u00e7elerle iptal edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16.)<\/strong> Fransa\u2019da 1936 Nisan-May\u0131s se\u00e7imleri, Kom\u00fcnist Parti, sosyalistler, radikaller ve di\u011ferlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Halk Cephesi\u2019ne mecliste b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funluk sa\u011flad\u0131. Leon Blum\u2019un ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sosyalist Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 2 Haziran\u2019da bir grev dalgas\u0131n\u0131n ve fabrika i\u015fgallerinin ortas\u0131nda g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. Stalinistler, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmete kat\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131 halde, onu desteklediler; b\u00f6ylece iktidar\u0131n burjuvazide kalmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17.)<\/strong> O zamanlar Tro\u00e7kistler, Frans\u0131z emperyalizmine kar\u015f\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f grev m\u00fccadelelerini savunuyorlard\u0131; Stalinistler ise, SSBC\u2019nin diplomatik m\u00fcttefiki olan Frans\u0131z Halk Cephesi h\u00fck\u00fcmetine i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n zarar vermemesi gerekti\u011fi sav\u0131yla, grevlerin sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi lideri Marcel Gitton\u2019un Hindi\u00e7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019ne mektubunda, \u201cpartinin Tro\u00e7kistlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesini imkans\u0131z kabul ediyoruz…<\/em>\u201d deniyor ve bu i\u015fbirli\u011finin sona erdirilmesi talimat\u0131 veriliyordu. La Lutte<\/strong>\u2019den Stalinistlerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, bu mektup yay\u0131mland\u0131 (29 A\u011fustos 1937).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18.)<\/strong> S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Konseyleri, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yetkiye sahip idari organlard\u0131; se\u00e7ilmek i\u00e7in en az\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir m\u00fclk sahibi olmak \u015fartt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19.)<\/strong> Phan Van Hum, hukuk, edebiyat ve felsefe \u00f6\u011fretmeniydi. Politik faaliyetine bir milliyet\u00e7i olarak ba\u015flad\u0131 ama 1930\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da Tro\u00e7kist harekete kat\u0131ld\u0131. Temmuz 1933\u2019te Saygon\u2019a d\u00f6nerek, La Lutte<\/strong>\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131; sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Poulo Condore\u2019ye s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi ve 1945\u2019te Bien Hoa\u2019da Stalinistler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Tran Van Thach i\u00e7in 13. nota bak\u0131n\u0131z. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye birlikte yazd\u0131klar\u0131 mektup yukar\u0131da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20.) <\/strong>Vietnam\u2019\u0131n son imparatoru Bao Dai, 1925\u2019te 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7ti ama 1932\u2019ye kadar taht\u0131 alamad\u0131. Frans\u0131zlarla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131 ve Japonlar darbe yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in anla\u015ft\u0131; 1945\u2019te taht\u0131ndan feragat etti, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine Vietminh\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi ve 1949 ile 1955 aras\u0131nda bir Frans\u0131z kuklas\u0131 olarak geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Il\u0131ml\u0131 akademisyen Tran Trong Kim, 1945\u2019te ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.)<\/strong> Hiroshima\u2019ya atom bombas\u0131 at\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, 14 A\u011fustos 1945\u2019te, Japonya emperyalizmi M\u00fcttefikler\u2019e teslim oldu: Vietnam\u2019da devrimci bir durumu tetikledi bu. Kuzeyde Vietminh, ormandaki \u00fcslerinden Hanoi\u2019ye y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc ve 2 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de \u201cDemokratik Cumhuriyet\u201di ilan etti. Stalin\u2019in M\u00fctteffikler\u2019le olan anla\u015fmas\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, g\u00fcney yine Frans\u0131z denetimine verilecekti ve g\u00fcneyli Vietminh bunu haz\u0131rlarken, milliyet\u00e7iler ile iktidar\u0131 almak i\u00e7in f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran i\u015f\u00e7i konseyleri i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yapan Tro\u00e7kistler buna direndiler. Stalinistler, bir i\u015f\u00e7i konseyleri konferans\u0131n\u0131n delegelerini tutuklad\u0131lar ve politikalar\u0131 itibar g\u00f6rmese de, bir \u201cge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u201d kurdular; t\u00fcm \u00f6nderleri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Tro\u00e7kistlere silahlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frultarak, Ekim\u2019de \u00fclkeyi yeniden istila eden Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22.)<\/strong> 1947\u2019de Quatri\u00e8me Internationale<\/strong> gazetesinde yay\u0131mlanan bir rapora g\u00f6re, Ta Thu Thau, tutukland\u0131ktan sonra bir Vietminh \u201chalk mahkemesi\u201d taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131land\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketinde sahip oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck itibar nedeniyle, bu mahkeme, onu herhangi bir \u015feyden su\u00e7lu bulmaya ikna edilemedi; ama yine de kur\u015funa dizildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23.)<\/strong> Pierre Pages, 1930\u2019lar boyunca,Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi Hindi\u00e7in\u2019in valisiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu deneme, \u015fu kaynaklara dayanarak yaz\u0131ld\u0131: Archives nationales (Paris) F7-13406, 13408, 13409, 13410, 13167, 13170, Archives Outre-mer D2514; La Depeche d\u2019Indochine<\/strong>, Saigon, various issues 1933-40; Nguyen Van Dinh, Ta thu thau, to qudc gia toi quoc te<\/strong> (Ta Thu Thau, from Nationalism to Internationalism<\/strong>), Saigon 1938; Phuong Lan, Nha each mang Ta thu Thau<\/strong> (The revolutionary Ta Thu Thau<\/strong>), Saigon 1974; D. Hemery, Du patriotisme au marxism: l\u2019immigration vietnamienne en France 1926 a 1930<\/em> (From patriotism to Marxism: the Vietnamese emigration in France 1926-30<\/em>), in Le Mouvement social<\/strong>, no.90, Paris 1975; D. Hemery, Revolutionnaires vietnamiens et pouvoir colonial en Indochine<\/strong> (Vietnamese revolutionaries and colonial power in Indochina<\/strong>), Paris 1975; D. Hemery, Ta Thu Thau: l\u2019itineraire politique d\u2019un r\u00e9volutionnaire vietnamien pendant les annees 1930<\/em> (Ta Thu Thau: the political path of a Vietnamese revolutionary through the 1930s<\/em>) in Histoire de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngo Van Xuyet 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Tha Thu Thau (Vietnam\u2019daki Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrge idaresine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve Tro\u00e7kist \u00f6nder), Ho Chi Minh\u2019in emriyle Stalinistler taraf\u0131ndan vuruldu. Bir ba\u015fka Vietnaml\u0131 Tro\u00e7kist olan Ngo Van Xuyet\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Tha Thu Thau\u2019nun k\u0131sa biyografisini yay\u0131ml\u0131yoruz. \u0130lk kez, Revolutionary History, Vol. 3, N. 2, G\u00fcz 1990 say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":428,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[649],"tags":[491,487,489,488,471,490],"class_list":["post-427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trockizm","tag-onder","tag-ta","tag-thau","tag-thu","tag-trockist","tag-vietnamli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=427"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1725,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427\/revisions\/1725"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}