Stalinist kar\u015f\u0131devrimci ter\u00f6r\u00fcn kurban\u0131 olan Leninist-Tro\u00e7kist i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kimler oldu\u011funu bir kere daha hat\u0131rlatmak istiyoruz. Evet, ba\u015fl\u0131kta \u201csayg\u0131 duru\u015fu\u201d ifadesini kulland\u0131k ancak bu t\u00f6rensel bir anma k\u00f6\u015fesi de\u011fil, emin olun. Bu, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan biricik Marksizm\u2019in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ismi olarak Tro\u00e7kizm\u2019in neler pahas\u0131na ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131m\u0131za dek ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bu kahraman i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hayat hikayeleri \u00fczerinden hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Unutmamakta fayda var; burada Stalinist ter\u00f6r\u00fcn kurban\u0131 olan yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 Leninist-Bol\u015fevik i\u015f\u00e7inin hayat hikayesine yer ay\u0131rabildik. Veriler 30.000 Sol Muhalefet \u00fcyesi i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, y\u00fcz binlerce devrimci muhalifin infaz edildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
AV\u0130LOV Nikolay (Glebov), 1887-1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Glebov 1904\u2019te bir i\u015f\u00e7i olarak Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131. Petrograd komitesinin i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc oldu. 1917 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda Merkez Komitesi yedek \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi. Devrimden sonra Halk Komiseri oldu, Leningrad sendikalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netti. Muhalefet\u2019in 14. Kongre\u2019deki s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc. 1935\u2019te Stalin\u2019in emriyle tutukland\u0131 ve Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortadan kaybedildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n BAKAYEV \u0130van, 1887-1936<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bakayev Petrogradl\u0131 bir i\u015f\u00e7iydi. 1905 devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kami\u015fin\u2019deki silahl\u0131 ayaklanmay\u0131 y\u00f6netti. 1906\u2019da Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7arl\u0131k hapishanelerinde 6 sene yatt\u0131. 1917 Ekim\u2019inde iktidara el koyan Petrograd Sovyeti\u2019nin sekreteri. 1920\u2019de \u00c7EKA\u2019n\u0131n (devrimci i\u015f\u00e7ilerin istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ad\u0131) ba\u015fkent ba\u015fkan\u0131. Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve partiden ihra\u00e7 edildi. Birinci Moskova Duru\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda kur\u015funa dizildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n BELOBORODOV Aleksandr, 1891-?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1908\u2019de Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019ye i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00fcye oldu. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc. 1918\u2019de Ural Sovyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkan\u0131. Devrik \u00c7ar\u2019\u0131n ve ailesinin k\u0131z\u0131l i\u015f\u00e7ilerce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi operasyonunu kendisi y\u00f6netti. 1919\u2019da Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi, 1927\u2019ye kadar \u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleri Halk Komiseri. Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1927\u2019de Stalin taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi, sonra tutukland\u0131. Hapishanede intihar etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n BLUMK\u0130N Jak, 1898-1929<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sol Sosyalist-Devrimci (SR). 1919\u2019da \u00c7EKA \u00fcyesi. SR\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 talimatla Alman el\u00e7isi von Mirbach\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin ikna etmesiyle Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun gizli servisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ran, \u00c7in, Hindistan gibi \u00fclkelerde Sovyet temsilcisi olarak g\u00f6rev ald\u0131. Muhalefet\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kat\u0131lmad\u0131 (SR ge\u00e7mi\u015finin Leninist muhalefetin prestijinde bir leke olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in). Bir GPU g\u00f6revi i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderildi\u011finde, Stalinist rejimin muhalifi olarak gizlice Tro\u00e7ki ile bulu\u015ftu. Bu \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011finde tutukland\u0131 ve kur\u015funa dizildi. Kur\u015funa dizilmeden \u00f6nce \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n Tro\u00e7ki!\u201ddiye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedilir. \u0130nfazdan \u00f6nce an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yazmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcre tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; an\u0131lar GPU\u2019nun elinde olup hi\u00e7 yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n BOSCH Evgenya, 1879-1929<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1900\u2019de Rusya Sosyal-Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131, 1903\u2019te de Bol\u015fevik hizbe dahil oldu. 1913\u2019te yakalan\u0131p s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. 1915\u2019te ka\u00e7t\u0131. Kiev ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netti ve \u015eubat Devrimi\u2019nde y\u00f6netici g\u00f6revinde bulundu. Stalinist b\u00fcrokratikle\u015fmeyi protesto etmek i\u00e7in 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda intihar etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eLYAPN\u0130KOV Aleksandr, 1883-1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Maden i\u015f\u00e7isi olarak 1899\u2019da partiye, 1903\u2019te Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1905 devriminde \u00f6nc\u00fc bir i\u015f\u00e7i olarak yer ald\u0131 ve hapsedildi. Ka\u00e7t\u0131 ve Fransa\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi i\u00e7inde faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. 1915\u2019te Rusya\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve Belenin takma ad\u0131yla Merkez Komite\u2019nin Rus b\u00fcrosunu \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ge\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u2019e destek a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yapan Stalin\u2019e muhalefet etti ve uzla\u015fmac\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tav\u0131r ald\u0131. Nisan ay\u0131nda maden i\u015f\u00e7ileri sendikas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na se\u00e7ildi. Devrimden sonra Halk Komiserli\u011fi g\u00f6revini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1918\u2019de Merkez Komite\u2019ye se\u00e7ildi. Kollontay ile birlikte \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Muhalefeti\u2019ni \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. 1935\u2019te tutukland\u0131, 1937\u2019de hapiste \u00f6ld\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u0130NGELSTEDT Fedor, 1897-1937?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1914\u2019te Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131. Partinin Kron\u015ftad biriminin \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicisi. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Halk Komiseri. Daha sonra Orman Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde profes\u00f6r. \u201cHindistan\u2019ta Tar\u0131m Sorunu\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131. Muhalefet\u2019e \u00fcye oldu, partiden ihra\u00e7 edildi. Toplama kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. Toplama kamp\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerle bir a\u00e7l\u0131k grevi \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. Grev s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n DROBN\u0130S Jak, 1891-1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ayakkab\u0131 boyay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131. 15 ya\u015f\u0131nda Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1905 devrimindeki rol\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 6 y\u0131l hapse mahkum edildi. Partinin Ukrayna y\u00f6neticisi. \u00c7arl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan iki kez \u00f6l\u00fcme mahkum edildi. Kur\u015funa dizildi ancak a\u011f\u0131r yaralanarak ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. 1923\u2019te Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1936 Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve kur\u015funa dizildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u0130BENKO Pavel, 1889-1938<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu. Denizci ve 1906\u2019dan itibaren Bol\u015fevik. K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da ve Kron\u015ftad\u2019da parti birimlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kron\u015ftad\u2019\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc devrimci hatiplerinden. Devrimden sonra Ukrayna\u2019da k\u0131z\u0131l birliklerin komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1938\u2019de kaybedildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n YELTS\u0130N Boris, 1879-1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1899\u2019da partiye, 1903\u2019te Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1917\u2019de Yekaterinoslav Sovyeti ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Ural sovyetlerinde y\u00f6netici. Sol Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1928-29\u2019da Muhalefet\u2019in geri kalan \u00fcyelerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7ekirde\u011fi y\u00f6netti. Yakaland\u0131 ve yine Sol Muhalefet \u00fcyeleri olan iki o\u011flu ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131yla birlikte ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Victor Serge\u2019in \u201cS\u2019il est minuit dans le siecle\u201d (Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Gece Yar\u0131s\u0131 M\u0131 Oldu?) roman\u0131ndaki Elkin karakterinin Yeltsin oldu\u011fu bilinir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n YEVDOK\u0130MOV Grigoriy, 1884-1936<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve sonras\u0131nda da orduda denizci. 1903\u2019te Bol\u015fevik oldu ve Petrograd\u2019da faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Bir\u00e7ok kez s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Petrograd Sovyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. 1919-1925 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi. 1935\u2019te partiden ihra\u00e7 edildi. Ertesi y\u0131l kur\u015funa dizildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n YAK\u0130R \u0130ona, 1896-1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Odessa\u2019da \u00f6\u011frenciyken anar\u015fist, Nisan 1917\u2019de Bol\u015fevik oldu. Asker Sovyetleri\u2019nin \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicisi. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun kurulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce K\u0131z\u0131l Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n \u015fefi. 22 ya\u015f\u0131nda K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun bir t\u00fcmeninin komutas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlendi. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun en e\u011fitimli komutanlar\u0131ndan biri. 1927\u2019de Tro\u00e7ki\u2019yi savundu. Bir di\u011fer K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu generali olan Tuha\u00e7evkiy ile 1937\u2019de kur\u015funa dizildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n YOFFE Adolf (Krimskiy) (1883-1927)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kom\u00fcnist faaliyetleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcniversiteden kovuldu. Berlin, Viyana ve Z\u00fcrih\u2019te t\u0131p ve hukuk e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131. 1905 devrimine kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in Rusya\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnde d\u0131\u015f b\u00fcronun Merkez Komite \u00fcyeli\u011fini yapt\u0131. Tro\u00e7ki ile Viyana Pravda\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kararak (Bol\u015fevik Parti, yay\u0131n organ\u0131n\u0131n ismi olarak Pravda\u2019y\u0131 daha sonra se\u00e7ecekti; Tro\u00e7ki\u2019den esinlenerek), onun Rusya\u2019daki yeralt\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 organize etti. Yakaland\u0131 ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. 1917 devrimiyle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015ftu. Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131, Brest-Litovsk\u2019ta delegasyon ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. 1917-1918 senelerinde Merkez Komitesi yedek \u00fcyesi. 1926\u2019da Moskova\u2019daki \u00c7in \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131. Sol Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin partiden ihra\u00e7 edilmesini protesto etmek i\u00e7in intihar etti. Cenaze t\u00f6reni Sol Muhalefet\u2019in \u00fclkedeki son a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6vde g\u00f6sterisi oldu. Kar\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7ocu\u011fu Stalin\u2019in emriyle Sibirya\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n KAYUROV Viktor, 1876-1936<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015f\u00e7i. 1900\u2019de partiye, 1903\u2019te Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1917\u2019de Viborg b\u00f6lgesi y\u00f6neticisi ve Stalin\u2019in Ge\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fcmet ile uzla\u015fma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Stalin\u2019in partiden ihrac\u0131n\u0131 talep eden Viborglu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6nderi. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015fta Sibirya sorumlusu ve siyasi komiseri. Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1936\u2019da hapishanede \u00f6ld\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n KARAHAN Lev, 1889-1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda partiye kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1905 devriminde sava\u015ft\u0131. Birinci emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eubat Devrimi\u2019nde Petrograd Sovyeti\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctme kuruluna se\u00e7ildi. Tro\u00e7ki ile Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. Brest-Litovsk delegasyon \u00fcyesi ve 1918\u2019de \u00c7in el\u00e7isi. Aral\u0131k 1937\u2019de yap\u0131lan kapal\u0131 bir duru\u015fmada aralar\u0131nda Enukidze\u2019nin de bulundu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok eski Bol\u015fevikle birlikte \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve kur\u015funa dizildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n KOSS\u0130OR Vladimir, 1891-1938?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1908\u2019de Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. Devrimden sonra sanayinin en kritik noktalar\u0131nda sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctleyici. Muhalefet \u00fcyesi. Toplama kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi ve orada \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n KOTS\u0130UB\u0130NSK\u0130Y Yuriy, 1897-1937?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1914\u2019te Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131. Karkov\u2019da partiyi \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. Ekim 1917\u2019de Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ilk Halk Komiseri. Beyaz Ordu taraf\u0131ndan esir al\u0131nd\u0131; \u00f6l\u00fcme mahkum edildi\u011fi s\u0131rada K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. 1918\u2019de Ukrayna Sava\u015f Komiseri. 1923\u2019te Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve Ukrayna\u2019da Muhalefet\u2019i \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. \u0130kinci Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yarg\u0131lanmadan kur\u015funa dizildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n KREST\u0130NSK\u0130Y Nikolay, 1883-1938<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1901\u2019de partiye, 1903\u2019te Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. Urallar Sovyeti\u2019nin birinci kongresinin ba\u015fkan\u0131. 1917-1921 aras\u0131nda Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi. 1921\u2019de Almanya b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi. 1926-27 muhalefetiyle dayan\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6sterdi. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019nda kur\u015funa dizildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n MRA\u00c7KOVSK\u0130Y Sergey, 1883-1936<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Siyasi mahkum bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak hapishanede d\u00fcnyaya geldi. 1905 devrimine kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve Bol\u015fevik oldu. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Sibirya\u2019da partizan \u015fefi. Kol\u00e7ak ordular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131. Ural b\u00f6lgesinin askeri komutan\u0131. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Muhalefet i\u00e7in bir yer alt\u0131 matbaas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. 1927\u2019de yakaland\u0131. Partiden ihra\u00e7 edildi ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. Birinci Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019nda kur\u015funa dizildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n NEVSK\u0130Y Vladimir (Krivobokov), 1876-1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1898\u2019de partiye, 1903\u2019te Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1917\u2019de Podvoyski ile Petrograd Askeri \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kurdu. Devrimci Askeri Komite \u00fcyesi ve Haberle\u015fme Halk Komiseri. Sverdlov Kom\u00fcnist \u00dcniversitesi rekt\u00f6r\u00fc. Bol\u015fevik Parti ve i\u00e7 sava\u015f benzeri bir\u00e7ok konuda tarih kitaplar\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131. Birinci Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 protesto etti\u011fi i\u00e7in yarg\u0131lanmadan kur\u015funa dizildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n PYATAKOV Yuriy (Kievski), 1890-1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1907\u2019de anar\u015fist, 1910\u2019da Bol\u015fevik oldu. Defalarca s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi ve ka\u00e7t\u0131. 1918\u2019de Kiev Halk Komiseri Ba\u015fkan\u0131. Beyazlara kar\u015f\u0131 yeralt\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerken yakalan\u0131p idama mahkum edildi. \u0130dam sehpas\u0131na giderken K\u0131z\u0131l Muhaf\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. Ulusal Ekonomi Konseyi\u2019nin ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131. Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme Ba\u015fkan\u0131. 1921-1922\u2019de Merkez Komite yedek \u00fcyesi; 1923\u2019ten 1925\u2019e dek asil \u00fcye. Lenin\u2019in me\u015fhur \u201cKongre\u2019ye Mektup\u201d metninde and\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gen\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n en parlak temsilcisi olarak bahsetti\u011fi teorisyen. Sol Muhalefet \u00f6nderlerinden. \u0130kinci Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019nda kur\u015funa dizildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n PREOBRAJENSK\u0130Y Yevgeniy, 1886-1938?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1904\u2019te Bol\u015fevik oldu. Sibirya ve Ural\u2019da partinin yeralt\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicisi. \u00c7arl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok kere yarg\u0131land\u0131. 1917-1918\u2019de Ural\u2019da parti y\u00f6neticisi. 1917-1920 aras\u0131nda Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin saflar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6nemli bir Marksist iktisat\u00e7\u0131, Muhalefet tezlerinin yazarlar\u0131ndan. Buharin\u2019in Sa\u011f Muhalefeti\u2019nin ekonomi program\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve sanayile\u015fmeyi savundu. Yarg\u0131lanmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u0130kinci Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019nda kur\u015funa dizildi. Stalin\u2019in emriyle yok edilen el yazmalar\u0131 \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r: \u201cNEP D\u00f6neminde Ekonomik Krizler\u201d, \u201cYeni Ekonomi\u201d ve \u201cDevrimin 11. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Proletarya Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Kazan\u0131mlar\u0131\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n RAKOVSK\u0130Y Christian, 1873-1942?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bulgar as\u0131ll\u0131 kom\u00fcnist. 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda devrimci harekete kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00fclkesindeki e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131ndan ihra\u00e7 edildi. II. Enternasyonal\u2019in 1893 kongresinde Bulgar sosyalistlerinin delegesi olarak yer ald\u0131. Almanya\u2019dan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi. Lenin\u2019in \u0130skra\u2019s\u0131nda ve Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin Pravda\u2019s\u0131nda yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131. Balkan Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Federasyonu fikrini ilk ortaya atan oydu. 1908 T\u00fcrk devrimi \u00fczerine makaleler kaleme ald\u0131. 1913\u2019te Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye, 1917\u2019de de Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1919-1923 aras\u0131nda Ukrayna Halk Komiserleri Konseyi\u2019ne ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti. 1919-1925 aras\u0131 Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi. 13. kongrede, Stalin\u2019in Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirdi. 1927\u2019de Ukrayna\u2019da Sol Muhalefet\u2019in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. 15. kongrede Tro\u00e7ki\u2019yi savundu. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019nda yarg\u0131land\u0131 ve hapiste \u00f6ld\u00fc. Bir\u00e7ok kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r. Saint-Simon ve \u00fctopyac\u0131 sosyalistler \u00fczerine kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu da bilinir; ne var ki metin GPU taraf\u0131ndan yok edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n RE\u0130SS \u0130gnace (Ludwig)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Polonyal\u0131 kom\u00fcnist. Devrim s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u00e7 sava\u015f kahraman\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Gizli Servisi\u2019nin en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6neticilerinden. 1936\u2019daki Birinci Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Stalinizmden koptu. Kahramanl\u0131k madalyalar\u0131n\u0131 Stalin\u2019e g\u00f6nderdi ve mektubunda \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapt\u0131: \u201cTro\u00e7ki\u2019ye ve D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019e kat\u0131l\u0131yorum.\u201d Birka\u00e7 hafta sonra Lozan yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Stalin\u2019in emriyle GPU taraf\u0131ndan katledildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n ROZENGOLTS Arkadi, 1889-1938<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1905\u2019te Bol\u015fevik oldu. 1917\u2019de Devrimci Askeri Konsey \u00fcyesi. Daha sonra Sovyet Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin 5. Ordusunun Devrimci Askeri Konseyi \u00fcyesi. Muhalefet metninin imzac\u0131lar\u0131ndan ancak daha sonra ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 kopard\u0131. 1937\u2019ye kadar D\u0131\u015f Ticaret Komiseri. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019nda kur\u015funa dizildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n SAFAROV Georgiy, 1891-1938?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1908\u2019de Bol\u015fevik oldu. Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Lenin\u2019le birlikte \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde. Lenin\u2019le birlikte m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc trenle d\u00f6nenler aras\u0131nda. III. Enternasyonal\u2019de Do\u011fu sorunlar\u0131 uzman\u0131. Komintern y\u00fcr\u00fctme kurulu \u00fcyesi. 1921-1922\u2019de ve 1924\u2019te Merkez Komite yedek \u00fcyesi. Leningrad Komsomol komitesinde partinin temsilcisi. Muhalefet\u2019in ilk \u00fcyelerinden. \u00c7in\u2019de ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de diplomatik g\u00f6revler \u00fcstlendi. 16. kongrede Stalinizme teslim olmayanlardan. S\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi ve orada yok edildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n SAPRONOV Timofey, 1887-1941<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015f\u00e7i. 1902\u2019de Bol\u015fevik oldu. Partinin ta\u015fra \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicilerinden. Moskova ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netenlerden. Moskova B\u00f6lgesi Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda B\u00fct\u00fcn Rusya Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Kurulu Sekreteri. Sol Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1928\u2019de partiden ihra\u00e7 edilip, s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1941\u2019e kadar ya\u015fayan muhalefet \u00fcyeleri ile hapiste kald\u0131. Alman fa\u015fizminin askeri sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; zira Stalin, Nazilerle sava\u015f karar\u0131 vermeden \u00f6nce, Nazi sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n muhalefeti g\u00fc\u00e7lendirece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek, ilk olarak kom\u00fcnist muhalifleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n SEDOV Lev, 1906-1938<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin ve Natalya Sedova\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu. Komsomol \u00fcyesi. M\u00fchendislik e\u011fitimini Sol Muhalefet\u2019in kurulu\u015fu i\u00e7in yar\u0131da b\u0131rakt\u0131. Tro\u00e7ki ile s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. Muhalefet B\u00fclteni\u2019nin edit\u00f6rlerinden ve yazarlar\u0131ndan. Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131 ile ilgili \u201cK\u0131z\u0131l Kitap\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yap\u0131t kaleme ald\u0131. 1938\u2019de Stalinist ajan Marc Zborowskiy taraf\u0131ndan Paris\u2019te bir hastanede \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Zborowskiy 1941\u2019de ABD\u2019de bir \u00fcniversitede akademisyen olarak i\u015f bulacak ve ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131na girecekti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n SEREBR\u0130YAKOV Leonid, 1888-1937<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6nce madenci ve daha sonra demiryolu i\u015f\u00e7isi. 1905\u2019te Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok kez yakalan\u0131p s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. 1910 ve 1911\u2019de t\u00fcm Rusya\u2019y\u0131 dola\u015farak var olan yer alt\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. 1919 ve 1920\u2019de Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi. Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1927\u2019de partiden ihra\u00e7 edildi. S\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi ve ard\u0131ndan kur\u015funa dizildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n SM\u0130LGA \u0130van, 1892-1937?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1907\u2019de Bol\u015fevik oldu. Bir\u00e7ok kez tutukland\u0131. Nisan 1917\u2019de Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi ve Balt\u0131k Donanmas\u0131\u2019nda parti \u00f6rg\u00fctleri sorumlusu. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019da B\u00f6lgesel Sovyet Ba\u015fkan\u0131, ayaklanma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Lenin\u2019in asistan\u0131. 1917, 1918 ve 1919\u2019da Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi, daha sonra yedek \u00fcye. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015fta Halk Komiseri, 1920\u2019de Var\u015fova \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyen K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun siyasi sorumlusu. Sava\u015f Konseyi \u00fcyesi. \u0130ktisat\u00e7\u0131. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck temizlik s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n SM\u0130RNOV \u0130van Nikiti\u00e7, 1881-1936<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1899\u2019da parti \u00fcyesi, 1903\u2019te Bol\u015fevik oldu. Londra Kongresi\u2019nde yeralt\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri delegesi. 1905 devriminde Moskova ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctleyecilerinden. Defalarca s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. \u015eubat Devrimi\u2019nden sonra Tomsk Sovyeti\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctme kurulu \u00fcyesi. Devrim s\u0131ras\u0131nda Moskova\u2019da iktidar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesinden sorumlu. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda do\u011fu cephesinde \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Devrimci Askeri Komite \u00fcyesi, 5. Ordu\u2019nun kurucusu. Kazan\u2019da \u201cPartinin Bilinci\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131yla tan\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Sibirya Devrimci Komitesi ba\u015fkan\u0131yken kendisinden \u201cSibirya\u2019n\u0131n Lenin\u2019i\u201d olarak bahsedildi. 1919\u2019da Merkez Komite yedek \u00fcyesi, 1920\u2019de asil \u00fcye. Petrograd komitesi sekreteri. 1922\u2019de partinin genel sekreterli\u011fine \u00f6nerildi. Ancak Lenin, Smirnov\u2019un muhakkak Sibirya\u2019da olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirterek itiraz etti. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1927\u2019de partiden ihra\u00e7 edildi. 1 Ocak 1931\u2019de tutukland\u0131 ve 5 y\u0131l hapse mahkum edildi. Birinci Moskova Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019nda kur\u015funa dizildi. Mahkeme s\u0131ras\u0131nda Stalin\u2019in talebiyle affedilme talebinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soruldu. \u015eu cevab\u0131 verdi: \u201cBir devrimci i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015ferefsizlik olur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n SM\u0130RNOV Vladimir, 1887-1938?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1906\u2019da Bol\u015fevik oldu. 1917\u2019de Moskova ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n sorumlular\u0131ndan. Muhalefet\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131. Mahkum edildi ve hapiste k\u00f6r edildi. Teslim olmad\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderilerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n SOLNTSEV Elzear, 1900-1936<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tarih\u00e7i ve iktisat\u00e7\u0131. Sol Muhalefet\u2019in en gen\u00e7 y\u00f6neticilerinden. 1927\u2019de Berlin\u2019de Sovyetler ad\u0131na gizli bir g\u00f6revde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Komintern\u2019de muhalefeti \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. 5 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Cezas\u0131 bitti\u011finde, gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilmeden 10 y\u0131l daha hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Toplama kamp\u0131nda Sol Muhalefet \u00fcyelerini \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. 1936\u2019da bir kere daha duru\u015fmas\u0131z cezaya \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca a\u00e7l\u0131k grevine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. A\u00e7l\u0131k grevi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc. Marx\u2019\u0131n \u201cbile\u015fik geli\u015fme yasas\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131 \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 GPU taraf\u0131ndan yok edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n SOSNOVSK\u0130Y Lev, 1890-1936<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1898\u2019de partiye, 1903\u2019te Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. Defalarca tutuklan\u0131p s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. 1917\u2019de Sovyet y\u00fcr\u00fctme kurulu \u00fcyesi. 1918\u2019de Bol\u015feviklerin s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc. Pravda\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve b\u00fcrokrasiye kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131larda bulunan makaleler kaleme ald\u0131. Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6zlemcilere g\u00f6re \u201cfanatik\u201d bir Bol\u015fevikti. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve yak\u0131n dost oldular. 1927\u2019de partiden ihra\u00e7 edilip s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnde iken kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cS\u00fcrg\u00fcn Mektuplar\u0131\u201d dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 6 y\u0131l hapse mahkum edildi. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin muhaf\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin bir mektubunu yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Leninist muhalefet \u00fcyelerine ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kur\u015funa dizildi. Bir\u00e7ok eseri vard\u0131r ve kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 Almancaya \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n VORONSK\u0130Y Aleksandr, 1884-1943?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1903\u2019te Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131ld\u0131. Hayat\u0131 hapisle ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnle ge\u00e7ti. Pravda gazetesinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 fikrinin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden. Devrimden sonra ilk ayl\u0131k edebiyat dergisi Krasnaya Nov\u2019un kurucusu ve y\u00f6neticisi. Proletk\u00fclt anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn zorunlulu\u011funu savundu. \u201cEdebi \u015eahsiyetler\u201d, \u201cLenin ve \u0130nsanl\u0131k\u201d (1918), \u201cSanat ve Ya\u015fam\u201d (1924) ve \u201cYa\u015fam\u0131 G\u00f6rme Sanat\u0131\u201d (1928) gibi eserlerin yazar\u0131. Tro\u00e7kist muhalefete kat\u0131ld\u0131. Toplama kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi ve orada \u00f6ld\u00fc. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Stalinist kar\u015f\u0131devrimci ter\u00f6r\u00fcn kurban\u0131 olan Leninist-Tro\u00e7kist i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kimler oldu\u011funu bir kere daha hat\u0131rlatmak istiyoruz. Evet, ba\u015fl\u0131kta \u201csayg\u0131 duru\u015fu\u201d ifadesini kulland\u0131k ancak bu t\u00f6rensel bir anma k\u00f6\u015fesi de\u011fil, emin olun. Bu, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan biricik Marksizm\u2019in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ismi olarak Tro\u00e7kizm\u2019in neler pahas\u0131na ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131m\u0131za dek ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bu kahraman i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hayat hikayeleri \u00fczerinden hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Unutmamakta fayda var; burada […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":412,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[649],"tags":[79,478,476,475,20,477,469,471],"class_list":["post-409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trockizm","tag-bir","tag-durusu","tag-isciler","tag-kurbani","tag-leninist","tag-saygi","tag-stalinin","tag-trockist"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=409"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":413,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions\/413"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}