{"id":397,"date":"2019-02-16T01:46:07","date_gmt":"2019-02-15T22:46:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/94.237.85.66\/?p=397"},"modified":"2019-02-16T01:46:10","modified_gmt":"2019-02-15T22:46:10","slug":"trockinin-surgun-gunlugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2019\/02\/16\/trockinin-surgun-gunlugu\/","title":{"rendered":"Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin “S\u00fcrg\u00fcn G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Erich Fromm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalinizmi ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kom\u00fcnizmini(1)<\/strong>, Devrimci Marksizm’le \u00f6zde\u015f ya da onun bir devam\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek; Marx, Engels, Lenin, Tro\u00e7ki gibi ger\u00e7ek devrimci fig\u00fcrleri de i\u00e7ine alan bir yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmaya sebep olmu\u015ftur. S\u0131rf insanlar\u0131n, intikamc\u0131 katil Stalin ve oport\u00fcnist Kruschchev\u2019in teorileri ile Marx, Engels gibilerinin teorileri aras\u0131nda ba\u011f kurma \u00e7abas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u2018devrimci fanatik\u2019 betimlemesi onlara da aktar\u0131lmakta…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7arp\u0131tma bug\u00fcn ve yar\u0131n i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Her ne sebeple olursa olsun birinin Marx, Engels, Lenin ve Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 onlar\u0131n Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7kin birer temsilcileri oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini yads\u0131maya g\u00f6t\u00fcremez. Bu adamlar keskin bir ger\u00e7eklik duyumu olan insanlard\u0131. Ger\u00e7e\u011fin i\u00e7ine n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015flerdi. Yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131, aldat\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7evreleri taraf\u0131ndan alt edilememi\u015f, gelece\u011fin insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kendini adam\u0131\u015f, t\u00fckenmez y\u00fcreklilik ve kendisiyle \u00e7eli\u015fmeyen bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe sahip insanlard\u0131. Her zaman te\u015fvik edici oldular. Ve nereye dokundularsa orada hayat bitiveriyordu. Onlar Bat\u0131 gelene\u011fini en iyi \u00f6rnekleriyle temsil ettiler ve her zaman tarihsel olarak bulunduklar\u0131 zamana ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerleyi\u015fine ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131lar. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hatalar ve yanl\u0131\u015flar yine Bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin devam\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 idi: rasyonalizm (ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k), bat\u0131 merkezci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tezinin zorlamas\u0131, bir evvelki asr\u0131n burjuva devrimlerinin(2)<\/strong> muazzam etkisi…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu insanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel hayatlar\u0131ndan pek az \u015fey bilmemiz bir rastlant\u0131 de\u011fil, onlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan kendileri de\u011fildi; ne kendileriyle ilgili yazd\u0131lar ne de onlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7iren g\u00fcdelerle ilgili tahminlerde bulundular. B\u00fcy\u00fck devrimci liderlerin nadiren bulunan ki\u015fisel verilerinden olan (Lenin\u2019in, Marx\u2019\u0131n ve Engels\u2019in mektuplar\u0131na ve Almanya\u2019da Marx ile ilgili ki\u015fisel hat\u0131ralar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcne sahibiz) Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin Fransa\u2019daki son aylar\u0131n\u0131 ve Norve\u00e7\u2019e var\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir kitab\u0131, Harvard \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, onun 1935 y\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinden derledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nas\u0131l ki Marx, Engels ve Lenin birbirlerinden farkl\u0131 iseler Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin de ki\u015filik olarak onlardan farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu su g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez. Yine de Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin ki\u015fisel ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n bir anl\u0131k samimi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip olmak bizim, onunla ve di\u011fer \u00fcretken devrimciler aras\u0131nda ortak bir ba\u011f kurmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Ne konuda yazarsa yazs\u0131n; ister politik meselelerde, ister Emma Goldman\u2019\u0131n otobiyografisi hakk\u0131nda, isterse de Wallace\u2019nin dedektif hik\u00e2yeleri hakk\u0131nda; tepkisi konunun k\u00f6klerine kadar inerek \u00f6z\u00fcne n\u00fcfuz eder, canland\u0131r\u0131r ve \u00fcretkendir. Ne konuda yazarsa yazs\u0131n; ister kendi berberi hakk\u0131nda, ister Frans\u0131z polisleri hakk\u0131nda, isterse de Mr. Spaak(3)<\/strong> hakk\u0131nda, onun h\u00fckm\u00fc, derinlikli ve kesindir. Fransa\u2019daki s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n giderek artan bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan bir kurtulu\u015f olarak Norve\u00e7\u2019teki \u2018i\u015f\u00e7i\u2019 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden, vize alma \u015fans\u0131na kavu\u015ftu\u011funda dahi, Norve\u00e7 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019ni yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda keskin bir dille ele\u015ftirmekte, bir dakika bile teredd\u00fct etmez. Can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131, hastal\u0131k, Stalinist gaddarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ailesine etti\u011fi zul\u00fcm… T\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen, o bir an bile, ne kendine ac\u0131m\u0131\u015f, ne de umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Objektif, y\u00fcrekli ve insanc\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte; m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir adam; davas\u0131nda onurlu, ke\u015ffetti\u011fi do\u011frularla gururlu, fakat kibirli ve bencil de\u011fil. Kar\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki beyanat\u0131nda s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin takdiri ve ilgisi derinden etkileyicidir; zaten Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde de ana mevzu, t\u0131pk\u0131 Marx\u2019ta oldu\u011fu gibi, alabildi\u011fine anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir a\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n par\u0131lday\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. O, ya\u015fama \u00e2\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve g\u00fczelliklerinin de fark\u0131ndad\u0131r. Vasiyetnamesinin bir uyarlamas\u0131 izleyen \u015fu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle biter: \u201cDuvar boyunca yemye\u015fil uzanan parlak \u00e7imenleri, duvar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde berrak mavi g\u00f6\u011f\u00fc ve her yere sa\u00e7\u0131lan g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyorum. Hayat g\u00fczel. Gelecek nesiller, t\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri, zulm\u00fc ve rezillikleri, temizlesinler ve hayattan t\u00fcm\u00fcyle zevk als\u0131nlar.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve gelecek nesiller, Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin bir betimlemesini kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Harvard Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019na \u015f\u00fckran bor\u00e7lu de\u011fil. Zira sars\u0131lmam\u0131 ve deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015fmemi engelleyemedi\u011fim \u015fey de kitab\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcnde Harvard \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131: \u201cE\u011fer (g\u00fcnl\u00fck), onun temelini te\u015fkil eden bencilli\u011finin ve fanatizminin yal\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fini<\/em>, s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirse, yerel ve evrensel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli olan tarihsel bir yorum ve olumlu bir i\u015flev \u00fcstlenecektir.\u201d(4) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendi bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcnde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 yorumlarla kendi yazar\u0131nda kusur bulan bir yay\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n tuhafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yana b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey ayn\u0131 zamanda affedilemez de, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinde onun \u201cyal\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fi\u201d olan bencili\u011fi g\u00f6steren hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur. Bunlar\u0131n tam z\u0131dd\u0131 olan yal\u0131n ger\u00e7ek onun tek mevcudiyetidir. G\u00fcnl\u00fckten Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin \u201cbencilli\u011fini\u201d g\u00f6steren bir \u00e7ift c\u00fcmle al\u0131nt\u0131lamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Harvard Yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yazan \u015fahsa meydan okuyacakt\u0131m. O muhtemelen, bir\u00e7ok insan taraf\u0131ndan da tekrarlanan, Marx ve Tro\u00e7ki gibi \u015fahsiyetleri yanl\u0131\u015f anlama al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ka\u00e7amak tutumlardan ve yapmac\u0131kl\u0131ktan uzak, sosyal ve bireysel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rerek onu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyen bu insanlara, bencil, sald\u0131rgan ve kibirli denilerek \u00e7amur at\u0131l\u0131yor. E\u011fer onlar sars\u0131lmaz yarg\u0131lara sahiplerse, fanatik olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, bu kanaatlerin yo\u011fun bir deneyim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme eylemi sonucunda elde edildikleri unutuluyor, tersine bunlar\u0131n paranoyak bir renge boyanm\u0131\u015f ak\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131 idealler oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor. Bu yanl\u0131\u015f beyanat\u0131n ileriki bro\u015f\u00fcrlerde terk edilmesi umuduyla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1958<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dipnotlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.) <\/strong>SSCB\u2019nin 1956 sonras\u0131 resmi \u2018kom\u00fcnizm\u2019 \u00e7izgisi kastediliyor. (- \u00e7ev.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.)<\/strong> \u00d6zg\u00fcn metinde: middle-class revolutions; \u2018Orta-s\u0131n\u0131f devrimleri\u2019 anlam\u0131nda; ilk burjuva devrimlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc tan\u0131m\u0131yla ortal\u0131kta yoktu, devrimleri orta-burjuvazi diyebilece\u011fimiz kesimin \u00f6nderli\u011fi alt\u0131nda geli\u015fti. (Bak: Tro\u00e7ki, Sonu\u00e7lar ve Olas\u0131l\u0131klar i\u00e7inde \u201c1789, 1848, 1905\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc) (- \u00e7ev.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.)<\/strong> H. Spaak; Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 politikac\u0131 ve devlet adam\u0131. (- \u00e7ev.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.)<\/strong> \u0130talikler benim (- Erich Fromm\u2019un notu.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Erich Fromm Stalinizmi ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kom\u00fcnizmini(1), Devrimci Marksizm’le \u00f6zde\u015f ya da onun bir devam\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek; Marx, Engels, Lenin, Tro\u00e7ki gibi ger\u00e7ek devrimci fig\u00fcrleri de i\u00e7ine alan bir yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmaya sebep olmu\u015ftur. S\u0131rf insanlar\u0131n, intikamc\u0131 katil Stalin ve oport\u00fcnist Kruschchev\u2019in teorileri ile Marx, Engels gibilerinin teorileri aras\u0131nda ba\u011f kurma \u00e7abas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u2018devrimci fanatik\u2019 betimlemesi onlara […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[649],"tags":[458,460,459,457,456,455],"class_list":["post-397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trockizm","tag-erich","tag-erich-fromm","tag-fromm","tag-gunlugu","tag-surgun","tag-trockinin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=397"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":991,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/397\/revisions\/991"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}