{"id":3007,"date":"2024-06-10T18:40:14","date_gmt":"2024-06-10T15:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/?p=3007"},"modified":"2024-06-10T18:40:16","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T15:40:16","slug":"dogumunun-100-yilinda-nahuel-moreno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2024\/06\/10\/dogumunun-100-yilinda-nahuel-moreno\/","title":{"rendered":"Do\u011fumunun 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda Nahuel Moreno"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren Morenist Tro\u00e7kist hareketin tarihsel \u00f6nderlerinden ve halen \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi-D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal (\u0130UB-DE) Arjantin partisi Sosyalist Sol\u2019un liderlerinden Mercedes Petit\u2019in bu yaz\u0131s\u0131 ilk kez Nisan 2024\u2019te, partinin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 El Socialista<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n 579 ve 580. say\u0131lar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviri: <\/strong>Atakan \u00c7ift\u00e7i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede b\u00fcy\u00fck veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tro\u00e7kist partiler ve gruplar bulunuyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, Putin taraf\u0131ndan zulme u\u011frayan Rus Boris Kagarlitski veya d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6denmesine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden Frans\u0131z Eric Toussaint gibi liderler veya entelekt\u00fceller Lev Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin politik miras\u0131n\u0131 sahipleniyor. Bununla birlikte, bir d\u00fcnya \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak in\u015fas\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f bir D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal hen\u00fcz mevcut de\u011fil ve bu, tamamlanmay\u0131 bekleyen bir g\u00f6rev olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal, Lev Tro\u00e7ki taraf\u0131ndan 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda, SSCB’de ve \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019de Stalin\u2019in h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu reformist ve bask\u0131c\u0131 b\u00fcrokratik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ayg\u0131t kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, son derece zay\u0131f ko\u015fullarda kuruldu. Ekim 1917’de Tro\u00e7ki, Lenin ile birlikte Bol\u015fevik Partisi\u2019nin ve sovyetlerin Rusya’daki devrimci ve sosyalist zaferine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. B\u00fcrokrasinin y\u00fckseli\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 Lenin\u2019le ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi Tro\u00e7ki, 1924’te Lenin’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ancak bu m\u00fccadeleyi Stalin kazand\u0131 ve ba\u015fta Tro\u00e7ki olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm muhalefeti tasfiye etti. Tro\u00e7ki’yi Meksika’da 1940’ta d\u00fczenlenen bir suikastle \u00f6ld\u00fcrtt\u00fc. Tro\u00e7ki’nin liderli\u011fi olmadan, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019deki zay\u0131fl\u0131k, ayr\u0131\u015fmalar ve krizler derinle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nahuel Moreno, 1951’den itibaren b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye ve da\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flayan bu geni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctler ve liderler spektrumunu \u201cTro\u00e7kist hareket\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu Tro\u00e7kist hareket i\u00e7erisinde Moreno politik-programatik, metodolojik, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ve hatta ahlaki (1)<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131lardan kendi ay\u0131rt edici ki\u015fili\u011fini kazanan bir ak\u0131m in\u015fa etti. 1987\u2019deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da bu ak\u0131m devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMorenizm\u201d<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Morenist Tro\u00e7kizmi ana hatlar\u0131yla nas\u0131l \u00f6zetleyebiliriz? Kurucu \u00f6nderimizin D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini bug\u00fcne kadar engellemi\u015f iki b\u00fcy\u00fck bela olan oport\u00fcnizm ve sekterli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etme konusundaki b\u00fcy\u00fck azim ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015flayabiliriz. \u015e\u00fcphesiz, birtak\u0131m hatalar ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klardan azade olmayan bu siyasi m\u00fccadelede Moreno, enternasyonalist bir perspektifle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve kitle hareketinin i\u00e7erisinde devrimci partileri in\u015fa etmeye \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oport\u00fcnizme d\u00fc\u015fen en \u00f6nemli ve bilinen Tro\u00e7kist, Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 lider Ernest Mandel\u2019di. Moreno, ona ve benzerlerine at\u0131fta bulunarak \u201cGe\u00e7i\u015f Program\u0131 \u00fczerine yemin edip tam tersini yap\u0131yorlar\u201d diyordu. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal’i i\u015f\u00e7i ve kitle hareketine y\u00f6nlendirmek gibi do\u011fru bir hedefle hareket eden oport\u00fcnistler, d\u00f6nemin hakim \u00f6nderliklerine uyarlanma hatas\u0131na -e\u011fer cinayetine demeyeceksek- d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. SSCB ve Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019ya hakim olan b\u00fcrokratik ve Stalinist kom\u00fcnist partilere, Yugoslavya\u2019da Mare\u015fal Tito\u2019ya ve ard\u0131ndan \u00c7in\u2019de Mao\u2019ya ve K\u00fcba\u2019da Castro\u2019ya devrimci erdemler atfettiler. Cezayir\u2019de Ben Bella \u00f6nderli\u011findeki FLN, Bolivya\u2019da Paz Estenssoro\u2019nun MNR\u2019si \u2013Mandel\u2019in takip\u00e7ilerinin 1952\u2019de bir i\u015f\u00e7i devrimini ihanet etti\u011fi yer \u2013 ve hatta Arjantin Peronizmi\u00a0 gibi o d\u00f6nemde y\u00fckselen burjuva milliyet\u00e7i hareketlere de benzer bir tav\u0131rla yakla\u015ft\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece, her \u00fclkede devrimci partilerin in\u015fas\u0131 do\u011frultusundaki vazge\u00e7ilmez g\u00f6revi terk ettiler.(2)<\/strong> Bu siyasi y\u00f6neli\u015fle D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal adeta \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam tersi y\u00f6nde, ancak oport\u00fcnizmle bir\u00e7ok ortak noktaya sahip olan di\u011ferleri ise sekterli\u011fe, yani hain \u00f6nderlikler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilseler bile m\u00fccadelelerin ve devrimlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mama hatas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Eylem birli\u011fini ve kitlelerin m\u00fccadelelerine kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 reddeden bu kesim b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe ve kendinden menkul bir devrimcili\u011fe sapt\u0131. Bunun ilk ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rneklerden biri, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na yol a\u00e7an Nazizm ve fa\u015fizmi 1945\u2019te yenilgiye u\u011fratan muazzam demokratik zaferi g\u00f6rmezden gelmekti. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00f6nemli bir lider olan Tony Cliff, SSCB’yi \u201cdevlet kapitalizmi\u201d olarak yeniden tan\u0131mlayarak 1917 sosyalist devrimiyle burjuvaziyi m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftiren ilk kazan\u0131m\u0131 reddetti. K\u00fcba \u00f6rne\u011finde ise sekterler, 1960\/61\u2019den itibaren burjuvazinin m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesinden elde edilen sosyalist devrimin zaferini tan\u0131mad\u0131lar. Bu ilerleme, Moreno’nun tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Batista kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 burjuva kesimler ve bizzat ABD emperyalizmi taraf\u0131ndan te\u015fvik edilen bir halk demokratik hareketi olarak geli\u015fen Castroculu\u011fun bu karakterine ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. Moreno, K\u00fcba Kom\u00fcnist Partisi liderli\u011fine, Fidel Castro’ya ve Castroculu\u011fa y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerinden asla vazge\u00e7meden K\u00fcba’n\u0131n sosyalist karakterini ve ko\u015fulsuz savunusunu destekledi. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Che Guevara\u2019n\u0131n fokocu gerilla y\u00f6neli\u015fine d\u00f6n\u00fck ele\u015ftirileri, onu hatalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, muazzam bir devrimci olarak tan\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 engellemedi.(3)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki \u00f6nemli \u00f6rnek<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Politik miras\u0131n\u0131n merkezi bir \u00f6rne\u011fi, Moreno’nun o d\u00f6nemde kitlesel olarak Peronist burjuva hareketini desteklemeye y\u00f6nelen Arjantin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7inde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve s\u0131n\u0131f siyasetine sahip bir parti -ilki 1944’te GOM’du- in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi inat\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fccadeleydi. Morenist Tro\u00e7kizm, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n m\u00fccadelelerine birlik\u00e7i kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla v\u00fccut bulurken, patronlara ve hain liderlere d\u00f6n\u00fck yan\u0131lsama yaratacak bir politikaya asla d\u00fc\u015fmedi ve her zaman s\u0131n\u0131f ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci bir \u00f6rnek olarak, 1979\u2019da Nikaragua’da diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar Tugay\u0131 ile kat\u0131lma deneyimini hat\u0131rlayabiliriz. (4)<\/strong> 1978\/79’dan itibaren Somoza kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 seferberlik ve ayn\u0131 zamanda FSLN (on y\u0131ldan uzun bir s\u00fcredir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir gerilla oda\u011f\u0131 olan Sandinista Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi) kitleselle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Moreno, gerillac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve FSLN’nin reformist ve s\u0131n\u0131f uzla\u015fmac\u0131 liderli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve ele\u015ftirilerinden vazge\u00e7meden, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde bulundu\u011fu Bogota’dan Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar Tugay\u0131n\u0131 kurulmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. Tugayda \u201cMorenist\u201d liderler ve militanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tugaya kat\u0131lan sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar da vard\u0131. Tugay, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcyesinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcney cephesindeki sava\u015flarda yer ald\u0131 ve Atlantik k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Bluefields liman\u0131n\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, Somoza diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin zaferinden \u00f6nce, Tro\u00e7kist hareket genel olarak bu s\u00fcreci g\u00f6rmezden gelmi\u015fti. 1979 Temmuzundan sonra ise, Ernest Mandel\u2019in \u00f6nderli\u011finde, Sandinizme ve Fidel Castro\u2019nun y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle burjuvazi ile s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fbirli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurmas\u0131na siyasi olarak tamamen teslim oldular. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Moreno, hem politikada hem eylemde, farkl\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde eylem birli\u011finin gerekli\u011fini anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyordu. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fa her t\u00fcrden reformist ve hain \u00f6nderliklere kar\u015f\u0131 kesintisiz m\u00fccadele e\u015flik ediyordu. Tro\u00e7kist partileri in\u015fa etmek ve b\u00f6ylelikle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve emek\u00e7i kitlelerin \u00f6nderlik krizini a\u015fma ya\u015famsal g\u00f6revinde ilerlemek i\u00e7in bu m\u00fccadele durmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fccadelesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyoruz<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

1987’den beri Moreno’suz liderlik, ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an hatalara ve sapmalara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Y\u0131llard\u0131r \u0130UB-DE\u2019yi ve farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki seksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen bizler, onun \u00f6\u011fretilerini tamamen sahiplenirken, i\u015flenen hatalar i\u00e7in \u00f6zele\u015ftirimizi de yapm\u0131\u015f bulunuyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politikalar\u0131m\u0131zda ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck m\u00fcdahalelerimizde, ister i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fccadelelerinde, ister kad\u0131n ve lgbti+ m\u00fccadelelerinde, ister gen\u00e7lik ve \u00e7evre m\u00fccadelelerinde, ister se\u00e7im kampanyalar\u0131nda, isterse de d\u00fc\u015fman siyasi ve sendikal liderliklere kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015fti\u011fimiz m\u00fccadelelerde olsun, hem sekterlikten hem de oport\u00fcnizmden daima ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. M\u00fccadeleler farkl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin eylem birli\u011fiyle g\u00fc\u00e7lenir ve bu nedenle her t\u00fcrden b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe ve kendinden menkul tutumlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu t\u00fcrden birlikleri b\u00fcy\u00fctmeye \u00e7abal\u0131yoruz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, bu m\u00fccadelelerin liderli\u011fini \u00fcstlenebilmek, partilerimizi ve \u0130UB-DE\u2019yi in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in program\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, politikalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemlerimizi ortaya koyuyoruz, tart\u0131\u015fmaya sunuyoruz. B\u00f6ylece, Tro\u00e7ki ve Moreno’nun bize devretti\u011fi g\u00f6rev olan her \u00fclkede ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada muzaffer sosyalist devrime \u00f6nderlik edecek bir D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal’in yeniden in\u015fas\u0131yla liderlik krizini a\u015fma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilerlemek i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelemizi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Dipnotlar:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

1.)<\/strong>\u00a0Politik bir rakibi Stalinist y\u00f6ntemlerle tasfiye etmek ve tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in ahlaka ili\u015fkin iftiralar atma y\u00f6ntemi maalesef, Tro\u00e7kizm saflar\u0131na erken d\u00f6nemde s\u0131zd\u0131. Moreno bununla sistematik olarak m\u00fccadele etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.)<\/strong>\u00a0Di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok metin aras\u0131nda, bkz. Nahuel Moreno, Parti ve Devrim<\/em>, At\u00f6lye Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.)<\/strong>\u00a0Moreno\u2019nun bu konudaki eserleri: \u201cLatin Amerika Devrimi Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130ki Y\u00f6ntem<\/a>\u201d (1964), \u201cChe Guevera\u2019yla Polemik\u201d ve \u00f6zellikle i\u00e7indeki \u201cGuevara, S\u00fcrekli Devrimin Kahraman\u0131 ve \u015eehidi<\/a>\u201d (Cehus, Buenos Aires, 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.)<\/strong>\u00a0Bkz: 1997 tarihli \u201cMAS\u2019\u0131n Bilan\u00e7osu (1987-92)\u201d metni<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren Morenist Tro\u00e7kist hareketin tarihsel \u00f6nderlerinden ve halen \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi-D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal (\u0130UB-DE) Arjantin partisi Sosyalist Sol\u2019un liderlerinden Mercedes Petit\u2019in bu yaz\u0131s\u0131 ilk kez Nisan 2024\u2019te, partinin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 El Socialista\u2019n\u0131n 579 ve 580. say\u0131lar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7eviri: Atakan \u00c7ift\u00e7i *** G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede b\u00fcy\u00fck veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tro\u00e7kist partiler ve gruplar bulunuyor. Ayn\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":3008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[705],"tags":[835,892,1153,1154,1020,68,530,461,803],"class_list":["post-3007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarih","tag-bolsevik-parti","tag-dorduncu-enternasyonal","tag-ernest-mandel","tag-mandel","tag-morenizm","tag-moreno","tag-nahuel-moreno","tag-trockizm","tag-uit-ci"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3007","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3007"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3009,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3007\/revisions\/3009"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}