{"id":2921,"date":"2023-11-08T12:46:30","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T09:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/?p=2921"},"modified":"2023-11-08T12:54:40","modified_gmt":"2023-11-08T09:54:40","slug":"sol-muhalefet-tarihi-v-cin-devriminin-trajedisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2023\/11\/08\/sol-muhalefet-tarihi-v-cin-devriminin-trajedisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Sol Muhalefet tarihi (V): \u00c7in Devrimi\u2019nin trajedisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z eser, o s\u0131ralar Uluslararas\u0131 Sol Muhalefet’in ABD \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc i\u00e7inde faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan Max Shachtman taraf\u0131ndan kalem al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup, The Militant<\/em> (Militan) gazetesinin 1932’nin Nisan ve A\u011fustos aylar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki say\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca, par\u00e7a par\u00e7a yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Shachtman bu makale dizisinde, 1923’te kendisini ilan eden SSCB Sol Muhalefeti’nin 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k politik tarihininin genel hatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shachtman’\u0131n eserinin birinci k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in buraya<\/a>, ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in de buraya<\/a>, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in buraya<\/a> ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in de buraya<\/a> t\u0131klayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> Max Shachtman, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde Sol Muhalefet’in \u0130lk On Y\u0131l\u0131<\/em>, \u00c7eviri: Mustafa Sayman, Maya Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in Devrimi\u2019nin trajedisi<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130kinci \u00c7in devriminin (1925-1927) tarihi, Stalin ve Buharin\u2019in Rus partisi ve Enternasyonal\u2019deki liderliklerinin mahk\u00fbm edilmesi i\u00e7in u\u011fursuz bir an\u0131t olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zafer \u00c7in i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin eri\u015febilecekleri bir yerdeydi, ancak tarihte \u015fimdiye kadar rastlanmam\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey oldu: Rus devriminin ve Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal\u2019in resmi otoritesini y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olan liderlik, yolun ortas\u0131na duvar gibi dikildi. Stalin ve Buharin, proletaryan\u0131n iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesini yasakl\u0131yorlard\u0131. M\u00fcritler, Lenin\u2019in Rus devriminde oynamalar\u0131n\u0131 engelledi\u011fi rol\u00fc, b\u00fct\u00fcn trajik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte \u00c7in devriminde sonuna kadar oynad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in devriminin en kritik anlar\u0131nda, y\u00f6netici kli\u011fin politikas\u0131, Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin dedi\u011fi gibi, Men\u015fevizmin \u00c7in politik diline terc\u00fcme edilmesiydi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalin, Bukharin ve Martinov\u2019un politikas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar, \u00c7in\u2019in yar\u0131s\u00f6m\u00fcrge bir \u00fclke olarak, emperyalizmin b\u00fct\u00fcn ulusu ve b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fiddetle ezen mengenesi i\u00e7inde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131ndan kalk\u0131yorlard\u0131. Burjuvazi, emperyalizmin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda devrimci bir sava\u015f vermekteydi. Bu m\u00fccadelede, ancak \u201ci\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin demokratik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d kurulmas\u0131 ile zafere ula\u015f\u0131labilirdi. \u201cDevrimci antiemperyalist birle\u015fik cephe\u201d, i\u015f\u00e7iler, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvaziden olu\u015fan \u201cd\u00f6rt s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bloku\u201d \u015feklinde kurulmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu \u201cblok\u201d, Sun Yat Sen\u2019in ve onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da \u00c7an Kay \u015eek ve Wang \u00c7ing Wei\u2019in partisi burjuva Kuomintang\u2019da cisimle\u015fiyordu. StaIin\u2019e g\u00f6re, Kuomintang \u201cdevrimci bir parlamento\u201d, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir grup olarak girmek zorunda oldu\u011fu bir \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc\u201d partisiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kavrama g\u00f6re, burjuvazi yabanc\u0131 haydutlara kar\u015f\u0131 antiemperyalist bir sava\u015f verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00fclke i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve kom\u00fcnistlerin \u00c7in burjuvazisine kar\u015f\u0131 yapacaklar\u0131 bir ciddi sald\u0131r\u0131, \u201cd\u00f6rt s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n blokunu\u201d zedeleyecektir. Bu nedenle Stalin, \u00c7in kom\u00fcnistlerini grev m\u00fccadeleleri \u00fczerinde cebri bir hakemlik kuran milliyet\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kararlar\u0131na sessizce boyun e\u011fme\u011fe zorlad\u0131. Gene ayn\u0131 nedenle, k\u00f6yl\u00fc hareketleri Moskova\u2019dan telgrafla g\u00f6nderilen emirlerle kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kom\u00fcnistlere, sovyetler kurmama emri verildi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilk olarak, \u201csovyetler proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn arac\u0131d\u0131r\u201d; ikincisi, sovyetler kurmak, Stalin\u2019in \u201cdevrimci merkez\u201d diye adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 burjuvazinin milliyet\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmetini devirmek demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komintern liderlerinin temel \u00e7izgisi buydu. Ve bu \u00e7izgi, burjuva kar\u015f\u0131devriminin zaferine, \u00c7in proletaryas\u0131 ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Stalin\u2019in onlar i\u00e7in se\u00e7ti\u011fi \u201cm\u00fcttefikler\u201d taraf\u0131ndan katledilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cD\u00f6rt s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bloku\u201d ger\u00e7ekte neydi? Bu, kom\u00fcnistlerin, yani ger\u00e7ek devrimci \u00f6nc\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00c7in burjuvazisine tabi olmas\u0131n\u0131n, elleriyle ve ayaklar\u0131yla ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n, teslim edilmesinin Stalin taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen bi\u00e7imiydi. \u201cBlok\u201d i\u00e7inde, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile yoktu. Kuomintang\u2019la ortakla\u015fa yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 bir bildiride, parti Kuomintang\u2019la \u201cyaln\u0131zca baz\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131larda\u201d ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, her ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun \u201cbirle\u015fik antiemperyalist cephenin\u201d korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, kom\u00fcnistlerin Sun Yat Senizm\u2019in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva doktrinlerini ele\u015ftirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ilan ediyordu. Devrimci f\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131nda kom\u00fcnistler \u00e7ok \u00f6nemsiz bir rol oynad\u0131lar \u00d6yle ki, g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir gazeteleri bile yoktu ve haftal\u0131k dergileri de d\u00fczensiz bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131mlan\u0131yordu. \u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in milliyet\u00e7i ordular\u0131n\u0131n zapt etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde bile kom\u00fcnistler illegal olmaya devam ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parti, i\u015f\u00e7ileri burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131rmaya haz\u0131rlamada da \u00f6nc\u00fc olamad\u0131. Bunun yerine, burjuva \u201cm\u00fcttefikleri\u201d kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ileri greve gitmekten al\u0131koyarak, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin topraklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesini ve zengin k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri kovmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek, burjuvazinin aleti haline geldi. Devrimci durumun i\u00e7inde iktidars\u0131z bir hale gelmesine ra\u011fmen, Stalin, \u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in \u00fcst\u00fcne y\u00fcr\u00fctmek zorunda oldu\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc kitlelerini burjuvaziye teslim edecek kadar g\u00fc\u00e7 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0131rada Muhalefet neyi savunuyordu? Muhalefet, \u00c7in\u2019in yar\u0131s\u00f6m\u00fcrge durumunun emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi demokratik devrimin acil bir g\u00f6revi haline getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu noktas\u0131ndan kalk\u0131yordu. Ancak, diye devam ediyordu, i\u015fte tam bu durum gelecekte ulusal burjuvazi ile emperyalistler aras\u0131nda bir ittifak\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her ikisi de \u00c7in kitlelerinden \u00fcrkmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokratik devrim yaln\u0131z emperyalist boyunduruktan kurtulma de\u011fil ama ayn\u0131 zamanda tar\u0131m sorununun da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi g\u00f6revini y\u00fcklemektedir. Ancak \u00c7in\u2019de k\u00f6y tefecisi ile toprak sahibi, \u015fehir burjuvazisi ile, kompradorlarla ve son tahlilde yabanc\u0131 burjuva ile \u00f6yle i\u00e7li d\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7indedir ki, tar\u0131m devrimi ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn bu unsurlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddetli bir m\u00fccadele verilmesiyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilecektir. Burjuvazi, hatta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazi, bu sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesinde kitlelere \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edebilir mi? Tam tersine. \u00c7in\u2019de kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelelerinde ve kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin kurulmas\u0131nda k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe ancak proletarya \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edebilir. Bu m\u00fccadelede, \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u015fka bir partiye tabi olmayan ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket eden ayr\u0131 bir kom\u00fcnist partisinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f proletaryan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi bir cephe olu\u015fturmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proletarya ve kom\u00fcnistler, devrimin zaferini nas\u0131l garanti alt\u0131na alabilirler? En ba\u015fta kendi g\u00fc\u00e7lerine, kendi partilerine ve sonunda da kendi devlet cihazlar\u0131na dayanarak. Kanton h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bizim h\u00fck\u00fcmetimiz de\u011fildir, t\u0131pk\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i ordular\u0131n bizim ordumuz, Kuomintang\u2019\u0131n bizim partimiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, gibi. Bunlar burjuvazinin ordular\u0131 ve partisidir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey, \u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in \u015eanghay\u2019daki darbesinden sonra \u201csolcular\u0131n\u201d kurdu\u011fu Wuhan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6yle oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, zaten i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel olarak m\u00fccadelesini verdikleri sovyetleri her yerde kurmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm Rus partisi ve Enternasyonal, bu eylem yolunu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc diye Muhalefet\u2019i ezmek i\u00e7in seferber oldu. Stalin ve Martinov\u2019dan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck memuruna kadar herkes, \u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in g\u00fcvenilir bir m\u00fcttefik oldu\u011funu ispatlamak i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 bir kampanyaya kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7an\u2019\u0131n \u015eanghay proletaryas\u0131n\u0131 katletmesinden sonra da, onun \u015feref yerini Fen Yu Hsiang ve Wang \u00c7in Wei ald\u0131lar. T\u00fcm kom\u00fcnist bas\u0131n, burjuva generallerini \u201cbizim kendi generallerimiz\u201d diye alk\u0131\u015flad\u0131. Rus Politb\u00fcrosu\u2019nun (Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin kars\u0131 oyuna ra\u011fmen) Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal\u2019e \u201csempatizan\u201d parti olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kuomintang, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya kom\u00fcnizmin sadece bir ad\u0131m \u00f6ncesi diye sunuldu. Enternasyonal i\u00e7inde Stalinizm \u00f6yle ileri gitti ki, \u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in ordular\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131devrimi proletaryan\u0131n kanlar\u0131 ile kutlamak \u00fczere \u015eanghay\u2019a girdi\u011finde, Frans\u0131z Kom\u00fcnist Partisi \u201c\u015eanghay Kom\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn\u201d kurulu\u015funu kutlayan bir telgraf \u00e7ekti ona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhalefetin \u00c7in\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Kom\u00fcnist Partisi kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisine insafs\u0131zca sald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu Kuomintang\u2019\u0131 terketmek, \u201cm\u00fcttefiklerimizi yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmak\u201d, burjuvaziyi \u201cbirle\u015fik cephemden \u00e7\u0131karmak\u201d, \u201ca\u015famalar\u0131 atlamak\u201d demektir, diye \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar att\u0131lar Stalin ve Buharin. Burjuvazi desteklenmeliydi, \u00f6yle de yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve blok korundu. Bu \u201cblokta\u201d y\u00f6netenin burjuvazi, hizmet edeninin proletarya oldu\u011fu do\u011fruydu, ama bu \u201cayr\u0131nt\u0131daki\u201d hata, \u201culusal devrimin\u201d \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 u\u011fruna tamamen g\u00f6rmemezlikten geliniyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in ikinci darbesinden sonra bile, Stalin direnmekten vazge\u00e7medi ve \u00e7izgisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yaln\u0131zca \u201canti emperyalist devrimi\u201d y\u00f6netmesi beklenen \u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in \u201cKuomintang merkezinin\u201d yerine, \u201ctar\u0131m devrimini\u201d y\u00f6netmesi beklenen Wang \u00c7in Wei\u2019nin \u201cKuomintang solu\u201d ge\u00e7irildi. \u00c7an Kay \u015eek, \u00c7in kitlelerine kar\u015f\u0131 yabanc\u0131 emperyalistlerle kuvvetlerini birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in birliklerini \u015eanghay\u2019a soktu\u011funda, Wuhan\u2019da \u201csol\u201d burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u015fevizmin i\u011fren\u00e7 deneyi, \u201cdaha y\u00fcksek bir d\u00fczeyde\u201d s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Stalin, burjuva politikac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Wuhan h\u00fck\u00fcmetini g\u00fcneyin \u201cdevrimci merkezi\u201d diye adland\u0131rd\u0131. Stalin\u2019e g\u00f6re, Wuhan kli\u011fi \u201cproletarya ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn demokratik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d haline gelmekteydi. Ve durum b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, muhalefetin Wuhan b\u00f6lgesinde sovyetler kurma \u00f6nerisi, besbelli, caniyane bir macera idi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, madem ki diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck kurulmu\u015ftu, iktidar organlar\u0131 olan ve mevcut rejimin yerini almas\u0131 gereken sovyetlerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 neydi? Stalinistlerin de\u011ferlendirmeleri i\u015fte b\u00f6yleydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wuhan h\u00fck\u00fcmetine iki kom\u00fcnist bakan yolland\u0131; birisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bakan\u0131yd\u0131, \u00f6teki de Moskova ve \u00c7in\u2019de, k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inkar etti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cTro\u00e7kizme\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadele ile kendisini tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015f olan Tang Ping \u015ean atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tar\u0131m bakan\u0131yd\u0131. \u201cTar\u0131m devriminin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d olan burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmeti nas\u0131l bir politika izledi? Devrimci kitlelerin bilgisizli\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde ya\u015fayabilen t\u00fcm burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerine \u00f6zg\u00fc klasik yollar\u0131 kulland\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc hareketini ezmeyi \u00fcstlendi ve bu g\u00f6revinde kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak Moskova\u2019n\u0131n emirleriyle \u00c7in burjuvazisine bakanl\u0131k yapan iki kom\u00fcnist tutsak buldu. Wuhan, \u201ctar\u0131m devriminin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini\u201d bu kom\u00fcnist bakan\u0131 ve anti-Tro\u00e7kizm uzman\u0131n\u0131 silahl\u0131 birliklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda ayaklanan k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri bast\u0131rmaya yollayarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yaln\u0131z bu olay, Stalinizmin \u00c7in devriminde izledi\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131devrimci \u00e7izgiyi anlatmaya yeter. Stalin, kom\u00fcnist \u00f6nc\u00fcy\u00fc, burjuvazinin kitleleri teslim almas\u0131na yarayan bir de\u011fnek haline getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in, \u015eanghay proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 kesmek \u00fczere b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biledi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, ona kar\u015f\u0131 tedbir al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Muhalefet\u2019i su\u00e7layan ve kendisini sad\u0131k bir m\u00fcttefik olarak ilan eden Stalin, Moskova\u2019da ona \u00f6vg\u00fcler d\u00fcz\u00fcyordu. Stalin, ayn\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Wuhan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde de u\u011frad\u0131. O da \u00c7an Kay \u015eek\u2019in ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 aynen izledi. \u201cSol Kuomintang\u201d liderleri devrimcilikte sa\u011f kanat karde\u015flerinden bir santim bile ileride olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdiler. Lenin\u2019in Nisan 1917\u2019de tarihin \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne atm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u015fu deh\u015fetli \u201cproletarya ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn demokratik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d, on y\u0131l sonra \u00c7in\u2019de proletarya ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bo\u011faz\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f bir mengeneden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc partisi\u201d ile, \u201cantiemperyalist birledik cephesi\u201d ile, \u201cd\u00f6rt s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bloku\u201d ile, \u201cdevrimci parlamento Kuomintag\u2019\u0131” ile, \u201cdemokratik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d ile ve proletaryan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sovyetlerin kurulmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koymas\u0131yla – i\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlarla Stalin, Tseretelli ve \u00c7ernov’un 1917 Rus devriminde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde oynamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 gerici rol\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131yla oynad\u0131. Muhalefet, m\u00fccadelenin her a\u015famas\u0131nda Marksizmin s\u0131nanm\u0131\u015f doktrinlerini savundu. Merkezci cihaz ise Sol Muhalefet\u2019i ezdi. Ama bununla \u00c7in devrimini de ezmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z eser, o s\u0131ralar Uluslararas\u0131 Sol Muhalefet’in ABD \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc i\u00e7inde faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan Max Shachtman taraf\u0131ndan kalem al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup, The Militant (Militan) gazetesinin 1932’nin Nisan ve A\u011fustos aylar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki say\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca, par\u00e7a par\u00e7a yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Shachtman bu makale dizisinde, 1923’te kendisini ilan eden SSCB Sol Muhalefeti’nin 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k politik tarihininin genel hatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Shachtman’\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":2922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1125,705,649],"tags":[968,971,1087,1131,905,834,1132,969,480,1121,1008,482,159],"class_list":["post-2921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sol-muhalefet","category-tarih","category-trockizm","tag-buharin","tag-burokrasi","tag-burokratik-yozlasma","tag-cin-devrimi","tag-ekim-devrimi","tag-kizil-ekim","tag-mao","tag-sol-muhalefet","tag-sscb","tag-stalin","tag-stalinist-burokrasi","tag-stalinizm","tag-trocki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/42"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2921"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2929,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2921\/revisions\/2929"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}