{"id":2619,"date":"2022-03-30T12:25:57","date_gmt":"2022-03-30T09:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/?p=2619"},"modified":"2022-03-30T12:25:57","modified_gmt":"2022-03-30T09:25:57","slug":"potemkinden-putine-kirim-sorunu-ve-donbasin-sahte-cumhuriyetleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2022\/03\/30\/potemkinden-putine-kirim-sorunu-ve-donbasin-sahte-cumhuriyetleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Potemkin\u2019den Putin\u2019e K\u0131r\u0131m sorunu ve Donbas\u2019\u0131n sahte cumhuriyetleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0130lk defa \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi \u2013 D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in\u00a0<em>Correspondencia Internaciona<\/em>l (Uluslararas\u0131 Haberle\u015fme) isimli dergisinin Mart 2022 tarihli 49. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7eviri: <\/strong>Yusuf Varde<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131r\u0131m yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 362.366 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fuyor. N\u00fcfusun %60\u2019\u0131 Rus k\u00f6kenli, %25\u2019i Ukraynal\u0131 ve %12\u2019si as\u0131l yerle\u015fimciler olan Tatarlardan olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Yunan kolonizasyonundan bu yana K\u0131r\u0131m, Karadeniz\u2019deki jeostratejik \u00f6nemi nedeniyle s\u00fcrekli istilalara maruz kald\u0131. K\u0131r\u0131m, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de, farkl\u0131 imparatorluklar\u0131n ya\u011fmac\u0131 eylemlerinin trajik \u00f6rneklerinden birisi olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Romal\u0131lar, Gotlar ve Cenevizliler, Haiti\u2019ye benzer \u015fekilde 26.000 kilometre karelik bir y\u00fczey alan\u0131na sahip bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yar\u0131madan\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc tarih boyunca ele ge\u00e7irdiler, ta ki 1475\u2019te yar\u0131mada Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilene kadar. Tatar prenslerinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131, Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun yar\u0131maday\u0131 ilhak etti\u011fi y\u0131l olan 1783\u2019e kadar yar\u0131mada \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rus generali Gregory Potemkin K\u0131r\u0131m&#8217;\u0131 fethetti ve bunun i\u00e7in Serene Majesteleri unvan\u0131n\u0131 alarak Ukrayna Genel Valisi olarak atand\u0131. Potemkin, Karadeniz\u2019in Rus imparatorluk filosunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019daki Sivastopol\u2019un ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi birka\u00e7 \u015fehir ve liman in\u015fa etti. 1905 Devrimi&#8217;nin \u00fcnl\u00fc z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131na bu generalin onuruna Potemkin ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7arl\u0131k \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca imparatorluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131ya giderek daha da yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheyle izleyen di\u011fer Avrupa g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan fark edilmeden kalmad\u0131. 1853\u2019te K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 (1853-1856) ad\u0131yla vaftiz edilecek olan sava\u015f bu \u015fekilde patlak verdi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc muharebelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 orada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Fransa, \u0130ngiltere, Piedmont-Sardunya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki ilerlemesini durdurmak amac\u0131yla \u00c7arl\u0131k \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak kurdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sava\u015f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 cephesinde subay olarak g\u00f6rev yapan ve <em>Sava\u015f ve Bar\u0131\u015f<\/em> roman\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 olan \u00fcnl\u00fc Rus yazar Leo Tolstoy, <em>Sivastopol Serisi<\/em> (1855) adl\u0131 eserini sava\u015fa damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran Sivastopol ku\u015fatmas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine adad\u0131. Sava\u015f, 2 Nisan 1856\u2019da \u00c7arl\u0131k \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun yenilgisiyle sona erdi. Paris Antla\u015fmas\u0131, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Karadeniz\u2019in silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Sivastopol \u00fcss\u00fcn\u00fcn terk edilmesi de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir dizi yapt\u0131r\u0131m hayata ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak Ukrayna\u2019da ve K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman sona ermedi. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda, Rus sermayesinin \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda Ukrayna\u2019da end\u00fcstriyel geli\u015fme ba\u015flad\u0131. Donbas b\u00f6lgesinde veya K\u0131r\u0131m yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki ta\u015f ocaklar\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisi geli\u015fmeye bu d\u00f6nemde ba\u015flad\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu b\u00f6lge her zaman mineraller a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin ve \u00e7ok verimli bir toprak olmu\u015ftu. Bu ili\u015fkinin bir sonucu olarak, K\u0131r\u0131m n\u00fcfusu \u00e7ok etnikli bir karakter kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1921\u2019de K\u0131r\u0131m \u00d6zerk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti (K\u00d6SSC) kuruldu. Bu, SSCB\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Tatar cumhuriyetiydi. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra, K\u00d6SSC\u2019nin as\u0131l halk\u0131 Tatarlar, \u00e7o\u011fu K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun taraf\u0131nda olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Nazilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapma bahanesiyle Stalin taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi ve K\u0131r\u0131m, Stalin taraf\u0131ndan \u201cRusla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u201d. Nazilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131, o b\u00f6lgeyi kolonize etmek i\u00e7in Rus birliklerini g\u00f6ndermek ad\u0131na dile getirilen sahte bir bahaneydi. Daha sonra bu bahane Nikita Kru\u015f\u00e7ev taraf\u0131ndan Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ilhak edilmesinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Stalinist b\u00fcrokrasi halklar\u0131 domine etmeye ve onlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zerkli\u011finden ve seferberlik hakk\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kiev\u2019deki Rus yanl\u0131s\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Putin\u2019in tepkilerinden biri de K\u0131r\u0131m yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131 zor yoluyla ilhak etmek oldu. K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da zaten bir Rus asker\u00ee \u00fcss\u00fc mevcuttu ancak K\u0131r\u0131m, SSCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra var\u0131lan anla\u015fma nedeniyle Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Putin, Mart 2014\u2019te ilhak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in Rusya Federasyonu\u2019na kat\u0131lma lehine olacak \u015fekilde bir referandum d\u00fczenledi. K\u0131r\u0131m, Rus emperyalizminin bir ba\u015fka anklav\u0131 haline getirildi. K\u0131r\u0131m anklav\u0131nda referandum yapmak, Malvinas Adalar\u0131\u2019nda veya Cebelitar\u0131k Kayal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019a kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in \u201cEvet\u201d veya \u201cHay\u0131r\u201d oylar\u0131n\u0131n verilece\u011fi bir referandum d\u00fczenlemeye benziyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Donbas\u2019\u0131n sahte cumhuriyetleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Putin, s\u00f6zde Donbas cumhuriyetlerinin (Donetsk ve Luhansk) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131. Putin Donbas \u201chalklar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d, Kiev\u2019deki \u201cNazi sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 \u201ckendilerinin savunulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen\u201d ve Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fan halklar olduklar\u0131n\u0131 savununuyor. Onun Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bahanelerden biri de buydu. Biz, Donbas b\u00f6lgesinin \u201ckendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131\u201d arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n mali ve asker\u00ee deste\u011fiyle kurulan hayal\u00ee cumhuriyetlerdir. Stalin d\u00f6neminden beri Rusla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan (Rus k\u00f6kenli n\u00fcfus kayd\u0131rmalar\u0131yla) ve Putin d\u00f6neminde de Rusla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen b\u00f6lgelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Donetsk \u015fu anda Donbas madencilik b\u00f6lgesindeki ana \u015fehir. N\u00fcfusunun 2.000.000 civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Luhansk ise biraz daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olsa da, 1.500.000 n\u00fcfuslu bir sanayi \u015fehri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu b\u00f6lgelerde Rus dili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hakim oldu\u011fu do\u011fru olsa da, hakiki bir ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareket mevcut de\u011fil. 60 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir bir arada ya\u015fayan Bat\u0131l\u0131 ve Do\u011fulu Ukraynal\u0131lar aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir zaman sorun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde Rus dilinin kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili de bir sorun ya\u015fanmad\u0131. O zaman 2014&#8217;te bu kriz neden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131? Ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketin, o zamanlar Rusya yanl\u0131s\u0131 kukla kapitalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne bir tepki olarak Putin taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi\u011fi ve korundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k. Putin, bu b\u00f6lgede de ya\u015fanan ve \u00fccretlerdeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ile i\u015fsizlikten ve Avrupa ve Yankee emperyalizmi taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen Kiev\u2019in liberal h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 politikas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan toplumsal krizden, sanayi (\u00e7elik, kimyasallar) ve madenlerde (k\u00f6m\u00fcr, demir) yo\u011funla\u015fan ekonomik krizden yararlanmak istedi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ger\u00e7ekte Donetsk ile Luhansk, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya taraf\u0131ndan ilhak edilen K\u0131r\u0131m yar\u0131madas\u0131 gibi, Rus emperyalizminin Ukrayna topraklar\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri, yani anklavlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bir anklav, emperyalizmin uluslar\u0131 b\u00f6lmek ve stratejik noktalara h\u00fckmetmek i\u00e7in kurdu\u011fu yapay olu\u015fumlard\u0131r. Emperyalist anklavlar, \u00f6rne\u011fin Malvinas Adalar\u0131, Cebelitar\u0131k Kayas\u0131, \u0130srail, Kuzey \u0130rlanda ve di\u011ferleridir. Bu nedenle, herhangi bir anklavda yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi, bu iki b\u00f6lgenin de \u201ckendi kaderini tayin etmesini\u201d desteklemeyi do\u011fru bulmuyoruz. Bu, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131na sayg\u0131 duyulmas\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n dillerini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geleneklerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce kullanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in her zaman m\u00fccadele edece\u011fimiz ger\u00e7e\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Putin\u2019in bir di\u011fer arg\u00fcman\u0131, Zelenski h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Donbas halk\u0131na &#8220;soyk\u0131r\u0131m&#8221; uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde. Bu do\u011fru de\u011fil. Sadece veriler bile bunu g\u00f6steriyor. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.500.000 ki\u015filik bir n\u00fcfusta, sekiz y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden sava\u015fta 14.000 kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm var. Her iki taraftan ortalama yedi bin ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc ve \u00f6lenlerin \u00e7o\u011fu sivil de\u011fil askerdi. Yani Putin\u2019in iddia eetti\u011fi bir \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d yok ortada, ancak sava\u015fta ya\u015fanan \u00f6l\u00fcmler mevcut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak Putin, sorunun sadece Donbas b\u00f6lgesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda net. Putin, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ulus olarak tan\u0131m\u0131yor ve kendi kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130lk defa \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi \u2013 D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in\u00a0Correspondencia Internacional (Uluslararas\u0131 Haberle\u015fme) isimli dergisinin Mart 2022 tarihli 49. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7eviri: Yusuf Varde *** K\u0131r\u0131m yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 362.366 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fuyor. N\u00fcfusun %60\u2019\u0131 Rus k\u00f6kenli, %25\u2019i Ukraynal\u0131 ve %12\u2019si as\u0131l yerle\u015fimciler olan Tatarlardan olu\u015fuyor. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Yunan kolonizasyonundan bu yana K\u0131r\u0131m, Karadeniz\u2019deki jeostratejik \u00f6nemi nedeniyle s\u00fcrekli istilalara [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":2620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1026],"tags":[1033,1034,1032,1035,1024,153,76],"class_list":["post-2619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ukrayna","tag-donbas","tag-donetsk","tag-kirim","tag-luhansk","tag-putin","tag-rusya","tag-ukrayna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2619"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2619\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2621,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2619\/revisions\/2621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}