{"id":2561,"date":"2022-03-02T12:31:29","date_gmt":"2022-03-02T09:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/?p=2561"},"modified":"2022-03-02T12:31:42","modified_gmt":"2022-03-02T09:31:42","slug":"ukrayna-sorunu-konusunda-kadetler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2022\/03\/02\/ukrayna-sorunu-konusunda-kadetler\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukrayna sorunu konusunda Kadetler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyucular\u0131m\u0131zla V. \u0130. Lenin taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve ilk kez Rabochaya Pravda<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n 3. say\u0131s\u0131nda, 16 Temmuz 1913\u2019te yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olan bir metnin \u00e7evirisini payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin bu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda iki siyasal anlay\u0131\u015fla polemik yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015flardan birisi, 1905\u2019te Rusya Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019ne kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Dmytro Dontsov\u2019un ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Ukrayna milliyet\u00e7isi olan siyasal e\u011filimdir. Dontsov, kendi \u00e7izgisi RSD\u0130P ve Bol\u015fevik parti taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmeyince 1913\u2019te partiden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. 1914\u2019te sosyalizmi reddetti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan Dontsov, daha sonra Ukrayna Devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir aristokrat ve komutan olan Pavlo Skoropadskyi\u2019nin muhafazakar h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde g\u00f6rev al\u0131r. Dontsov\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri 1929\u2019da kurulacak olan fa\u015fist Ukrayna Milliyet\u00e7ileri \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (OUN) ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin\u2019in polemik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci anlay\u0131\u015f ise, Rus liberallerinin partisi olan Kadetler’in sahiplendikleri ve bu sefer Ukrayna milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine tersten, Rus \u015fovenizminin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 noktas\u0131ndan uyarlanan programd\u0131r. Kadetler demokratik ilkeleri ve haklar\u0131 s\u00f6zde sahipleniyor g\u00f6r\u00fcnseler de, Ukraynal\u0131 \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcleri\u201d ve Dontsov tipi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini mazeret olarak kullanarak, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131 sahiplenmemektedirler. Lenin makalesinde, Ukrayna \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d ve \u201csosyal milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin\u201d B\u00fcy\u00fck Rus \u015fovenizminin s\u00f6m\u00fcrge politikalar\u0131na me\u015fruiyet sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Lenin tam tersini savunmaktad\u0131r: \u201cB\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen b\u00fct\u00fcn zul\u00fcm politikalar\u0131 k\u0131nanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ukrayna\u201d slogan\u0131n\u0131 sahiplenmesine ra\u011fmen, Dontsov\u2019un bu slogan\u0131 \u201cproletaryan\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\u201d kullanm\u0131yor olmas\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftirilebilecek oldu\u011funu kaydeder. UKKTH\u2019nin ko\u015fulsuzca savunulmas\u0131 gereken bir demokratik ilke oldu\u011funu belirttikten sonra, bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lma bi\u00e7iminde birtak\u0131m farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n do\u011fabilece\u011fini ekler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn s\u00fcrmekte olan Ukrayna-Rusya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak, Lenin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z makalesinin faydal\u0131 olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviri: <\/strong>Kaan G\u00fcnde\u015f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/archive\/lenin\/works\/1913\/jul\/16b.htm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Uzun zamand\u0131r bas\u0131nda ve Duma k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnde (\u00f6rne\u011fin, sosyal demokrat Petrovsky\u2019nin konu\u015fmas\u0131nda[1]<\/strong>), belirli n\u00fcfuzlu Kadetlerin (Bay Struve ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) Ukrayna sorunu \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n mutlak ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, gerici karakteri ve k\u00fcstahl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, Anayasal-Demokrat Parti\u2019nin [Kadetler\u2019in] resmi yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olan Rech<\/em>\u2019te, [bu yay\u0131n\u0131n] d\u00fczenli yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olan Bay Mikhail Mogilyansky taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan ve g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemesi gereken<\/em> bir makaleye rastlad\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraynal\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fckleri\u201d dolay\u0131s\u0131yla azarlayan bu makale ger\u00e7ekten \u015fovenist. \u201cPervas\u0131z macerac\u0131l\u0131k\u201d, \u201csiyasi hezeyan\u201d, \u201csiyasi bir macera\u201d \u2013 [bunlar] \u201cdemokrasi\u201d maskesinin alt\u0131na saklanan saf Novoye Vremya<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n[2]<\/strong> bir m\u00fcridi olan Bay Mikhail Mogilyansky\u2019nin makalesini dolduran ifadelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131! Bunlara ra\u011fmen Anayasal-\u201cDemokrat\u201d Parti bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 utanmadan kapa\u011f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yor, sempatiyle yay\u0131ml\u0131yor ve sessizli\u011fiyle bu \u00e7\u0131plak \u015fovenizmi onayl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bay Mikhail Mogilyansky\u2019nin kendisi, Lvov\u2019daki T\u00fcm Ukraynal\u0131 \u00d6\u011frenci Kongresi\u2019nde baz\u0131 Ukraynal\u0131 sosyal demokratlar\u0131n [ve] Rusya\u2019dan Ukraynal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin de Ukrayna i\u00e7in siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k slogan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 konu\u015ftuklar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor; [bu ki\u015filer], kongrede haz\u0131r bulunanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan iki [red oyuna] kar\u015f\u0131 kabul edilen \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ukrayna\u201d karar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neren sosyal demokrat Dontsov\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6z alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla buradan \u015fu sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ki, t\u00fcm sosyal demokratlar\u0131n Dontsov\u2019la ayn\u0131 fikirde olmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Ama sosyal demokratlar konuyu Dontsov\u2019la tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar, kendi arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydular, konuyu ayn\u0131 platformda tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve ayn\u0131 izleyici kitlesini ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bay Mikhail Mogilyansky, Kara Y\u00fczler\u2019in s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 baya\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fc Dontsov\u2019a ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bir Ukraynal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciler kongresine kar\u015f\u0131 savurdu\u011funda, rakiplerinin Rech<\/em>\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini reddetmesinin imkans\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve onlar\u0131n Rus izleyici kitlesiyle ayn\u0131 platformdan ve ayn\u0131 kararl\u0131l\u0131kla, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrce konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imkans\u0131z oldu\u011funu \u00e7ok iyi bilerek, temel siyasi nezaket duygusunu tamamen kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zavall\u0131 demokratlar \u015fu bizim Kadetlerimiz! Ve Kadetlerin bu t\u00fcr sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na \u015fiddetli bir protesto olmaks\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fcsamaha g\u00f6sterenler de ac\u0131nas\u0131 demokratlard\u0131r. Marksistler, ister B\u00fcy\u00fck Rus, ister Polonyal\u0131, ister Yahudi, ister Ukraynal\u0131, ister ba\u015fka herhangi bir milletin olsun, milliyet\u00e7i sloganlarla ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nmesine asla izin vermeyeceklerdir. Marksistler ayn\u0131 zamanda, b\u00fct\u00fcn demokratlar\u0131n, herhangi bir ulusun \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn zul\u00fcmlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmeleri gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde temel bir g\u00f6revleri oldu\u011funu; [demokratlar\u0131n] uluslar\u0131n tam ve ko\u015fulsuz e\u015fitli\u011finin ve kendi kaderlerini tayin etme haklar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etme g\u00f6revi oldu\u011funu da asla unutmazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proletaryan\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bu kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda, her bir \u00f6zg\u00fcn durumda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler farkl\u0131la\u015fabilir. Bir kimse Dontsov tipi sosyal milliyet\u00e7ilerle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r, ancak zulm\u00fc \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe\u201d dayand\u0131rmak, kendilerini savunamayan halklara i\u015fkence etmek Kadetlerimizin utanmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ta kendisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Dipnotlar:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

[1] <\/strong>Bol\u015fevik Milletvekili G. I. Petrovsky, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veriler \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda 20 May\u0131s (2 Haziran) 1913\u2019te Devlet Dumas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n oturumunda konu\u015ftu. Konu\u015fma Lenin taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131. Nadezhda Krupskaya taraf\u0131ndan Krakov\u2019dan St.Petersburg\u2019a Lenin’in talimat\u0131 \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderilen 18 Nisan (1 May\u0131s) 1913 tarihli bir mektupta, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6nemi nedeniyle bu konu\u015fman\u0131n eksiksiz yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7aban\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylendi. Bu konu\u015fman\u0131n tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n el yazmas\u0131 ar\u015fivlerde bulunamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] Novoye Vremya <\/strong>(T\u00fcrk\u00e7e: Yeni Zaman, Rus\u00e7a: \u041d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043c\u044f): 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda St. Petersburg\u2019da yay\u0131mlanmaya ba\u015flayan g\u00fcnl\u00fck liberal gazete.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyucular\u0131m\u0131zla V. \u0130. Lenin taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve ilk kez Rabochaya Pravda\u2019n\u0131n 3. say\u0131s\u0131nda, 16 Temmuz 1913\u2019te yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olan bir metnin \u00e7evirisini payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Lenin bu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda iki siyasal anlay\u0131\u015fla polemik yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015flardan birisi, 1905\u2019te Rusya Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019ne kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Dmytro Dontsov\u2019un ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Ukrayna milliyet\u00e7isi olan siyasal e\u011filimdir. Dontsov, kendi \u00e7izgisi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":2562,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1026],"tags":[1024,153,76],"class_list":["post-2561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ukrayna","tag-putin","tag-rusya","tag-ukrayna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2561"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2564,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2561\/revisions\/2564"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}