{"id":2381,"date":"2021-11-10T12:25:35","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T09:25:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/?p=2381"},"modified":"2021-11-10T12:25:36","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T09:25:36","slug":"devrimin-isci-koylu-ittifaki-kasimda-yapilan-koylu-sovyetleri-kongresi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2021\/11\/10\/devrimin-isci-koylu-ittifaki-kasimda-yapilan-koylu-sovyetleri-kongresi\/","title":{"rendered":"Devrimin i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc ittifak\u0131: Kas\u0131m\u2019da yap\u0131lan K\u00f6yl\u00fc Sovyetleri Kongresi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu yaz\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi – D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in (\u0130UB-DE) yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olan International Correspondence<\/em>\u2019\u0131n (Uluslararas\u0131 Haberle\u015fme) Temmuz 2017 tarihli \u00f6zel say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviri:<\/strong> Kaan G\u00fcnde\u015f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mercedes Petit, \u0130UB-DE\u2019nin Arjantin seksiyonu Sosyalist Sol\u2019un (IS) \u00f6nderlerinden ve Apuntes para una Historia del Trotskismo<\/em> (Tro\u00e7kizmin Tarihine Notlar) kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

John Reed\u2019in me\u015fhur kitab\u0131 D\u00fcnyay\u0131 Sarsan On G\u00fcn<\/em>\u2019\u00fcn son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cK\u00f6yl\u00fc Kongresi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, yeni Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin toplumsal temellerini in\u015fa eden kent ile k\u0131r aras\u0131ndaki ittifak\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu anlatan b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici bir tan\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. K\u00f6yl\u00fc delegelerle yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmada Lenin\u2019in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleyici olur. Bu konuyu k\u0131saca i\u015flemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Reed \u015f\u00f6yle yazar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cK\u00f6yl\u00fcler politik olarak geri kalm\u0131\u015f olsalar da, yine de kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc fikirleri vard\u0131 ve Rusya halk\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde sekseninden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. Bol\u015feviklerin k\u00f6yl\u00fcler aras\u0131nda nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir taban\u0131 vard\u0131 ve Rusya\u2019da sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan kurulacak kal\u0131c\u0131 bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck k\u00f6yl\u00fcler olmaks\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi… Geleneksel k\u00f6yl\u00fc partisi, Sosyalist Devrimci (SR) partiydi; \u015fu anda Sovyet H\u00fck\u00fcmetini destekleyen t\u00fcm partilerin i\u00e7inde, Sol Sosyalist Devrimciler k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00f6nderli\u011finin mant\u0131ksal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yd\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc \u015fehir proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n insaf\u0131na kalm\u0131\u015f Sol Sosyalist Devrimciler, umutsuzca k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin deste\u011fine ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyorlard\u0131…\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Bol\u015fevikler k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00fclkede sahip oldu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n olduk\u00e7a fark\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. 26 Ekim\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 ikinci kararnameleri b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahipli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tarlalarda ve k\u00f6ylerde toprak kararnamesini tar\u0131m komiteleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uygulamak i\u00e7in bir dizi kural belirlendi ve 3 Kas\u0131m\u2019da binlerce h\u00fck\u00fcmet temsilcisi bu yeni politikay\u0131 tan\u0131tmak i\u00e7in k\u0131rlara seyahat etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ve daha o s\u0131ralarda, Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n sonunda belirlenmi\u015f olan ve 5 Kas\u0131m\u2019da yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan B\u00fct\u00fcn-Rusya K\u00f6yl\u00fc Kongresi\u2019ne \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u201cCepheden d\u00f6nen ve devrimci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahip binlerce k\u00f6yl\u00fc-asker… \u00d6zellikle bu insanlar, K\u00f6yl\u00fc Kongresi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6yl\u00fc Kongresi<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

5 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Petrograd\u2019da kar ya\u011f\u0131yordu. \u015eehir beyaza b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc; aylar s\u00fcren ya\u011fmur ve \u00e7amur geride kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fehirde bir sevin\u00e7 havas\u0131 vard\u0131. Kongrenin ba\u015f\u0131nda Sol SR\u2019lerin lideri Maria Spiridonova ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ildi. \u0130lk oylama, delegelerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n Sol SR\u2019lerden oldu\u011funu, muhafazakar SR\u2019lerin delegelerin d\u00f6rtte birine ve Bol\u015feviklerin ise ancak be\u015fte birine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kongrenin ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrekli ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flarla ge\u00e7iyordu; derin bir d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k delegeleri kar\u015f\u0131t gruplara b\u00f6ld\u00fc. \u015eiddetli tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda, ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda, tar\u0131m komitelerinin de dahil olabilece\u011fi daha geni\u015f bir temsil edilme \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc, i\u015f\u00e7i ve asker kongresinde oldu\u011fu gibi, ezici bir \u00e7o\u011funlukla kabul edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f bulunan yeni Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle ilgili olarak, delegelerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu buna a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015fmand\u0131. Bol\u015fevik \u00f6nder Zinovyev konu\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hakaretler ve yuhalamalarla durduruldu. Ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar aras\u0131nda sol SR\u2019ler, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler temsil edilene kadar \u201cs\u00f6zde\u201d i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmetini tan\u0131mayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler. Gerici delegeler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kongreyi zorla feshedece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yalan\u0131 do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bir dedikodu olarak yayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn, Lenin beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde k\u00fcrs\u00fcde g\u00f6z\u00fckt\u00fc. On dakikal\u0131k \u00f6fkeli ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flara sakince katland\u0131. Karga\u015fa sakinle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin resmi bir temsilcisi olarak de\u011fil, Kongre\u2019ye se\u00e7ilen Bol\u015fevik hizbin bir \u00fcyesi olarak konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131; ve ironik bir \u015fekilde bu ikisinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131 anlama geldi\u011fini de ekledi. Sa\u011fc\u0131 delegeler yeniden ba\u011f\u0131rmaya ve yuhalamaya ba\u015flad\u0131; ancak merkezci kesimler ile sol delegeler merak i\u00e7inde ve sessizce onu dinlemeye haz\u0131rland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin\u2019in sesi k\u00f6yl\u00fc delegelerin aras\u0131nda yank\u0131lan\u0131yor<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Lenin\u2019in arg\u00fcman\u0131 basitti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBana a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yleyin, pomieshtchiki<\/em>\u2019nin [toprak sahiplerinin] topraklar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz siz k\u00f6yl\u00fcler; \u015fu anda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sanayide kontrol\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmelerini engellemek mi istiyorsunuz? Bu s\u0131n\u0131f sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Elbette pomieshtchiki <\/em>k\u00f6yl\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve fabrikat\u00f6r de i\u015f\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131. Proletaryan\u0131n saflar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine izin mi vereceksiniz? Hangi tarafta olacaks\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>

Biz Bol\u015fevikler, proletaryan\u0131n partisiyiz \u2014 sanayi proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu gibi k\u00f6yl\u00fc proleterlerin de. Biz Bol\u015fevikler sovyetlerin koruyucular\u0131y\u0131z \u2014 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve Asker Sovyetleri\u2019nin oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, K\u00f6yl\u00fc Sovyetleri\u2019nin de. Mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmet, sovyetlerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetidir; biz bu h\u00fck\u00fcmete K\u00f6yl\u00fc Sovyetleri\u2019ni kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in davet etmekle kalmad\u0131k, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda Sol SR\u2019leri de Halk Komiserleri Konseyi\u2019ne kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131k\u2026\u00a0<\/p>

Sovyetler halk\u0131n en m\u00fcthi\u015f temsilcileridirler \u2014 onlar fabrikalardaki ve madenlerdeki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, tarlalardaki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin temsilcisidir. Sovyetleri yok etmeye yeltenen herkes, antidemokratik ve kar\u015f\u0131devrimci bir eyleme giri\u015fmeye te\u015febb\u00fcs etmi\u015f olmaktan dolay\u0131 su\u00e7ludur.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTopraklara el koyun\u201d<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

27 Kas\u0131m\u2019daki oturumlar\u0131n dokuzuncu g\u00fcn\u00fcnde toprak sorunu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Sol SR\u2019ler Bol\u015fevikleri ele\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar, ancak dikkatli davrand\u0131lar ve b\u00f6yle yaparak h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00f6nlemlerini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Di\u011fer meselelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, sol SR\u2019lerin lideri Kolchinsky a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konulara da e\u011fildi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBol\u015fevikler, genel olarak, toprak sorununa kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011fru bir tutum benimsedi; ama k\u00f6yl\u00fclere topraklara zorla el koymalar\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etmekle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hata yapt\u0131lar… Daha ilk g\u00fcnlerden itibaren Bol\u015fevikler, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin \u2018devrimci kitle eylemiyle\u2019 topra\u011f\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeleri gerekti\u011fini ilan etti. Bu anar\u015fiden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir; toprak ancak organize bir \u015fekilde ele ge\u00e7irilebilir.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnar\u015fi\u201d ile m\u00fccadeleye y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar zaten sa\u011f\u0131r kulaklara yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 etkisi yaratarak sonu\u00e7suz kal\u0131yordu. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler \u015eubat ay\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak topra\u011fa el koymaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ve Bol\u015fevikler, sonu\u00e7 olarak t\u00fcm halk\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini kendi ellerine almaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran insanlard\u0131. Devrimin gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yorumlayan ve devrime bir yol g\u00f6steren onlard\u0131. Ve b\u00f6ylece sovyetlerle birlikte iktidar\u0131 fethettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntem, yani k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin kendi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini kendi ellerine almaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131, Bol\u015feviklerin g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artan bir etki kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fc kongresinin kendisinde de h\u0131zla ifade edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte bu nedenle, Lenin bu sefer konu\u015ftu\u011funda, delegeler y\u00fcksek bir dikkatle onu dinlediler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u015eu anda yaln\u0131zca Toprak sorununu de\u011fil, Sosyal Devrim sorununu da \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz \u2014 ve bunu yaln\u0131zca burada, Rusya\u2019da de\u011fil, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Toprak sorunu, Sosyal Devrim\u2019in di\u011fer sorunlar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemez… \u00d6rne\u011fin, topraklara el konulmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca Rus toprak sahiplerinin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak m\u00fclkiyetini ellerinde bulunduranlar\u0131n bankalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 yabanc\u0131 sermayenin de direni\u015fini k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

Biz Bol\u015fevikler […] Sosyal Devrim i\u00e7in sava\u015fan t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131n ittifak\u0131n\u0131 daha da s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in halk\u0131n iradesini halk\u0131n karar verdi\u011fi \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istiyoruz.<\/p>

Arkalar\u0131na bakmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 ve partilerinin \u2018uzla\u015fmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan\u2019 kopmalar\u0131 konusunda \u0131srar ederek, Sol Sosyalist Devrimcileri bu ittifaka kat\u0131lmaya davet ediyoruz…\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sonra Lenin, Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan Kongre\u2019ye sunulan ve ana hatlar\u0131 onaylanan karar tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bizzat okudu. Bu taslak dahilinde toprak kararnamesi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7in ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer \u00f6nlemler destekleniyordu. Ve Lenin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n savunulmas\u0131na s\u00f6zle de\u011fil ama mutlak bir sadakatle sahip \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n, bu sadakatini lafta de\u011fil eylemde kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n temsilci olarak se\u00e7ilmesini te\u015fvik etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin daha sonra s\u00f6zlerine \u015funlar\u0131 ekledi: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBu nedenlerle, K\u00f6yl\u00fc Kongresi, 7 Kas\u0131m Devrimi\u2019ni\u00a0 \u2014 bir Sosyal Devrim olarak \u2014 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle devam ettirmeyi savunur; K\u00f6yl\u00fc Kongresi, Rusya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin sosyal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc herhangi bir teredd\u00fct olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, gerekli t\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte uygulamaya koymak i\u00e7in sars\u0131lmaz iradesini ortaya koyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. <\/p>

Toprak kararnamesinin kal\u0131c\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve tam olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacak olan biricik \u00f6nlem olarak Sosyal Devrimin zaferinin vazge\u00e7ilmez ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n kendisi k\u00f6yl\u00fc-i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sanayi i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla ve t\u00fcm ileri \u00fclkelerin proletaryas\u0131yla kurdu\u011fu yak\u0131n birliktir. […] Birlik i\u00e7inde, burjuvazi ile uzla\u015fma politikas\u0131na geri d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k veya gizli t\u00fcm giri\u015fimleri ezmek; […] sadece bu, tek ba\u015f\u0131na, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada Sosyalizmin zaferini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alabilir…\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYeni bir d\u00fcnya do\u011fuyor\u201d <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

15 Kas\u0131m\u2019daki oturumda, k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri de i\u00e7ine dahil eden bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu karar alk\u0131\u015flarla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ertesi g\u00fcn, 16 Kas\u0131m Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011fleden sonra ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir son oturum al\u0131nd\u0131; bu oturum \u015fenlikli bir atmosfer alt\u0131nda ve g\u00fcler y\u00fczlerle yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ask\u0131da kalm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn pratik sorunlar h\u0131zla ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Sol SR\u2019lerin sayg\u0131de\u011fer ve ya\u015fl\u0131 bir \u00f6nderi, K\u00f6yl\u00fc Sovyetleri\u2019nin \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve Asker Sovyetleri ile yap\u0131lan \u201cd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d resmen tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bir i\u015f\u00e7i, bir asker ve bir denizci selam vererek k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonunda, Sovyet y\u00fcr\u00fctme komitesine ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eden Bol\u015fevik \u00f6nder Sverdlov e\u011filerek b\u00fct\u00fcn delegeleri selamlad\u0131 ve herkes soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vakit geceydi ve buzlu kar\u0131n \u00fczerinde, ay ile y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n soluk par\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131 yans\u0131yordu. Pavlovsky Alay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fczik grubu Frans\u0131z devrimci mar\u015f\u0131 La Marseillaise<\/em>\u2019i \u00e7almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler bir kortej olu\u015fturdular. Alt\u0131n i\u015flemeli dev bir k\u0131z\u0131l bayrak dalgaland\u0131: \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n devrimci ve emek\u00e7i kitlelerin birli\u011fi!\u201d Ard\u0131ndan b\u00f6lge sovyetlerinden gelen di\u011fer pankartlar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Putilov fabrikas\u0131n\u0131n pankart\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n karde\u015fli\u011fini yaratmak i\u00e7in bu bayra\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u011filiyoruz!\u201d Me\u015faleler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k topland\u0131. Kitleler, \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n Devrim Ordusu! Ya\u015fas\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131l Muhaf\u0131z! Ya\u015fas\u0131n K\u00f6yl\u00fcler!\u201d sloganlar\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu muazzam t\u00f6ren alay\u0131, Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin merkezi olan  Smolni Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne varana kadar \u015fehrin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erek dola\u015ft\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz i\u015f\u00e7i ve asker delegesi merdivenlerden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ko\u015farak k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri kucaklad\u0131 ve \u00f6pt\u00fc. Merkez y\u00fcr\u00fctme komitesinin tamam\u0131, t\u00fcm Petrograd Sovyeti ve binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i, enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn muazzam beyaz oturum salonunun i\u00e7inde ciddi bir atmosfer alt\u0131nda bekliyorlard\u0131. Herkes bu tarihi an\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet anla\u015fmas\u0131 okunduktan sonra, oturum Sverdlov\u2019un a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan zay\u0131f, solgun, g\u00f6zl\u00fckl\u00fc ve sa\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde omuzlar\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fen Maria Spiridonova, bir \u00f6\u011fretmen edas\u0131 ile aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n en sevilen ve en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kad\u0131n\u0131 \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cYeni bir d\u00fcnya do\u011fuyor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonra Tro\u00e7ki ate\u015fli bir sesle konu\u015ftu: \u201cK\u00f6yl\u00fc yolda\u015flar,hepiniz ho\u015fgeldiz! Buraya misafir olarak de\u011fil, bu evin efendileri olarak geliyorsunuz […] Art\u0131k Rus topraklar\u0131n\u0131n tek bir efendisi var: \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, asker ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin birli\u011fi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oturum gece ge\u00e7 saatlere kadar devam etti. Kabul edilen son kararda \u015f\u00f6yle deniyordu: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve t\u00fcm s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin bu karde\u015f\u00e7e birli\u011fi, onlar taraf\u0131ndan fethedilen iktidar\u0131 peki\u015ftirecek, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde iktidar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm devrimci \u00f6nlemleri alacakt\u0131r ve bu \u015fekilde adil bir bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tesis edilmesini ve sosyalizmin zaferini temin edecektir.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Tarihteki ilk devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti do\u011fmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Dipnotlar:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

1.)<\/strong> O g\u00fcnlerde Bol\u015feviklerin \u00f6nderli\u011fi ile sol SR aras\u0131nda yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin olu\u015fumu konusunda \u00e7etin ve me\u015fakkatli m\u00fczakereler yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Nihayet 15 Kas\u0131m \u00c7ar\u015famba sabah\u0131 anla\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Reed\u2019e g\u00f6re, 108 \u00fcyesi olan merkez y\u00fcr\u00fctme komitesinin orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilen k\u00f6yl\u00fc kongresinin 108 \u00fcyesiyle art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi; ordu ve donanman\u0131n do\u011frudan do\u011fruya se\u00e7ebilece\u011fi 100 delegesi ve sendikalar\u0131n da 50 delegesi (35\u2019i genel sendikalardan, 10\u2019u demiryollar\u0131 ve 5\u2019i de posta ve telgraf i\u015f\u00e7ileri aras\u0131ndan) olacakt\u0131. SR\u2019lerin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6neriye kar\u015f\u0131, eski Duma (parlamento) ve zemstvos<\/em>\u2019lar (bir t\u00fcr belediye meclisi) yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet sistemiyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirilmedi, Lenin ve Tro\u00e7ki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131 ve Ekim ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen devrimci askeri komite da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi – D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in (\u0130UB-DE) yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olan International Correspondence\u2019\u0131n (Uluslararas\u0131 Haberle\u015fme) Temmuz 2017 tarihli \u00f6zel say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7eviri: Kaan G\u00fcnde\u015f Mercedes Petit, \u0130UB-DE\u2019nin Arjantin seksiyonu Sosyalist Sol\u2019un (IS) \u00f6nderlerinden ve Apuntes para una Historia del Trotskismo (Tro\u00e7kizmin Tarihine Notlar) kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r. *** John Reed\u2019in me\u015fhur kitab\u0131 D\u00fcnyay\u0131 Sarsan On G\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":2382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[640],"tags":[905,834,1000],"class_list":["post-2381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kizil-ekim","tag-ekim-devrimi","tag-kizil-ekim","tag-koylu-sovyetleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2381"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2383,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2381\/revisions\/2383"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}