{"id":2089,"date":"2021-01-19T22:03:58","date_gmt":"2021-01-19T19:03:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trockist.net\/?p=2089"},"modified":"2021-01-19T22:04:00","modified_gmt":"2021-01-19T19:04:00","slug":"kriz-pandemi-ve-issizlik-nasil-bir-cikis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2021\/01\/19\/kriz-pandemi-ve-issizlik-nasil-bir-cikis\/","title":{"rendered":"Kriz, pandemi ve i\u015fsizlik: Nas\u0131l bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0130\u015fsizlik ve temel bir ya\u015fam gelirinden yoksunluk, k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte emek\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fi en temel sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Pandemi bu sorunu daha da derinle\u015ftirdi, ama pandemi \u00f6ncesinde de tablo zaten olduk\u00e7a vahimdi. Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bir pandemi haline gelmesinden hemen \u00f6nce, Ocak 2020\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (ILO) raporuna g\u00f6re <strong>(1)<\/strong>, k\u00fcresel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %61\u2019i kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik hizmetlerine k\u0131smen ya da hi\u00e7 eri\u015femeyen i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. 2020 i\u00e7in i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 190 milyon civar\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmekteydi. Bu say\u0131ya, i\u015f aramaktan \u00fcmidini yitirmi\u015f 120 milyon ki\u015fi ve k\u0131smi i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 165 milyon ki\u015fi ekleniyordu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 milyon ki\u015fiye ula\u015fan bu kitle, 3,3 milyarl\u0131k toplam i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %15\u2019ini olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya kapitalizminin mutlak sefalete itti\u011fi yar\u0131m milyar\u0131n insan\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ya\u015f, cinsiyet, co\u011frafi konum gibi fakt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re de farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor. Tahmin edilece\u011fi \u00fczere, kad\u0131nlar ve gen\u00e7ler bu bile\u015fenin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimini olu\u015fturuyorlar. 2019\u2019da k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte erkeklerin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 %74 iken kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in bu oran sadece %47 d\u00fczeyindeydi. 15-24 ya\u015f aras\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan gen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in de tablo olduk\u00e7a dramatikti. Her be\u015f gen\u00e7ten biri, yani 267 milyon gen\u00e7, ne \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer almakta ne de e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmekteydi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6te yandan, bir i\u015fe sahip olmak da mutlak sefaletten kurtulu\u015f anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. ILO g\u00fcnl\u00fck 3,20 dolardan az geliri (mevcut kur d\u00fczeyine g\u00f6re g\u00fcnl\u00fck yakla\u015f\u0131k 25 TL) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yoksullu\u011fu olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. ILO\u2019ya g\u00f6re pandemi \u00f6ncesinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 630 milyon ki\u015fi, yani yakla\u015f\u0131k her be\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan biri bu miktar\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir gelir elde ediyordu. Bu dramatik sefalet tablosu D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yoksulluk rakamlar\u0131yla da \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmekte. 2017 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan hesaplamaya g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 milyon ki\u015fi g\u00fcnde 1,90 dolar\u0131n (yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 TL) alt\u0131nda gelirle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yoksulluk i\u00e7inde bulunuyordu. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun %25\u2019i g\u00fcnde 3,20 dolar (yakla\u015f\u0131k 25 TL) ve %43,6\u2019s\u0131, yani neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131, g\u00fcnde 5,50 dolar (yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 TL) ile hayatta kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. <strong>(2)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu say\u0131lar pandemiden \u00f6nceki yayg\u0131n ve derin sefaleti ortaya koyuyor. Pandemiyle birlikte ise i\u015f ve gelir kayb\u0131nda muazzam bir art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. ILO\u2019ya g\u00f6re, 2019\u2019un son \u00e7eyre\u011fine g\u00f6re, 2020\u2019nin ilk \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyre\u011finde ortalama k\u00fcresel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi kayb\u0131 %11,7 civar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu d\u00f6nemde k\u00fcresel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc gelirinde 3,5 trilyon dolara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen %10,7 oran\u0131nda bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. <strong>(3)<\/strong> Bu tahmini say\u0131lar, on milyonlarca insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f ve gelir kayb\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen ayd\u0131nlat\u0131yor. Pandemiyle birlikte ya\u015fanan i\u015f ve gelir kayb\u0131na ili\u015fkin daha net say\u0131lar vermek \u015fu an i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a zor. \u0130\u015flerini kaybedenler i\u015fsizler veya i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131mdan \u00e7ekilenler olarak istatistiklere yans\u0131rken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00fccretsiz izin konumunda olanlar gibi istatistiklerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ve fakat a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yoksulluk d\u00fczeyinin biraz \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir devlet yard\u0131m\u0131yla ya\u015famaya itilen milyonlarca insan da bulunuyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kriz ve pandeminin bile\u015fimiyle, i\u015fsizlik ve yoksulluk, kapitalizmin savunucusu ideologlar ve kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemeyecek bir d\u00fczeye eri\u015fmi\u015f durumda. Mevcut durumun s\u00fcrmesi halinde yeni devrimler dalgas\u0131 ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 endi\u015fesini belirten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan, Davos toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicisinin neoliberalizmin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ilan etmesine ve \u00e7e\u015fitli reformlarla i\u015fsizli\u011fin kapitalist sistem i\u00e7inde y\u00f6netilebilir hale gelmesini hedefleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere dek, bu konu burjuva kesimler i\u00e7inde ciddi bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta. Benzer bi\u00e7imde, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinde ve sol kesimlerde i\u015fsizlik ve daha genel olarak yoksullu\u011fa ili\u015fkin farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00f6nerileri ve yol haritalar\u0131 mevcut. Bu yaz\u0131da, \u00f6zellikle i\u015fsizlik ve k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma programlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Geleneksel sald\u0131r\u0131lar: \u0130\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma, i\u015fyeri kapatma<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Salg\u0131nla m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetler birbiri ard\u0131na karantina \u00f6nlemleri a\u00e7\u0131klarken, burjuvazinin bu duruma tepkisi kitlesel i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar ve i\u015fyeri kapatmalar\u0131 oldu. ABD\u2019de i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 bir anda 10 puan artarak, Nisan 2020\u2019de \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan bu yana g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir zirve olan %14,7\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Trump\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7imleri kazanmak ad\u0131na karantina \u00f6nlemlerine h\u0131zla son vermesiyle bu oran Kas\u0131m\u2019a gelindi\u011finde %6,7\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olsa da, i\u015fsizlik say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek vard\u0131: \u015eubat\u2019tan Ekim\u2019e kadarki s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde 3,7 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 2,2 puan azalarak %61,7\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, kad\u0131nlar ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ve bu kesimlerde yar alan milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7inin uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u015f bulamayaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. <strong>(4)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde (AB) k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi gibi sosyal programlardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde kald\u0131. \u015eubat\u2019ta %6,5 d\u00fczeyinde olan i\u015fsizlik pandemi s\u00fcresince yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 puanl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. Bununla birlikte, 2020\u2019nin ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda olan 1,2 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i, ikinci \u00e7eyrekte i\u015fsiz kal\u0131rken, bu say\u0131n\u0131n 2 kat\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131, yani 2,6 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu say\u0131ya ilk \u00e7eyrekte i\u015fsiz durumda olan 1,1 milyon ki\u015finin ikinci \u00e7eyrekte i\u015f aramaktan vazge\u00e7mesini de eklemek gerekiyor. Ge\u00e7ici i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalarsa, bu d\u00f6nemde Avrupa i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe vurdu. Yunanistan\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7ilerin neredeyse %40\u2019\u0131, \u0130spanya, Fransa, \u0130talya, Portekiz ve \u0130rlanda\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birinden fazlas\u0131 ge\u00e7ici i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmaya maruz kald\u0131. \u0130kinci \u00e7eyrekte toplam say\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 milyon i\u015f\u00e7iyi buldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131na k\u0131smi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve i\u015f piyasas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilenler eklendi\u011finde, toplam oran %14\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131yor ve ABD\u2019yle benzer bir tablo ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. <strong>(5)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geldi\u011fimizde, T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in verdi\u011fi rakamlar\u0131n art\u0131k bir g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek tabloya ula\u015fmak daha da zor. Yine de T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in verileri baz\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ger\u00e7ekleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son a\u00e7\u0131klanan Eyl\u00fcl 2020 verilerine g\u00f6re, i\u015fsiz oran\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re yar\u0131m puanl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fle %12,7 olarak a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Ne var ki, istihdam ge\u00e7en y\u0131la oranla 733 bin ki\u015fi azald\u0131. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re 1 milyonluk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fle %49,6 olurken \u00fcmitsiz i\u015f\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131 iki kat\u0131ndan fazla artarak 1 milyon 400 bin ki\u015fiye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. ABD ve AB ortalamalar\u0131yla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131n kriz \u00f6ncesinde iki kat civar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131n\u0131n da \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015fsizlik ve genel yoksullu\u011fun resmi verilere g\u00f6re de \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k. Buna ek olarak, pandemi d\u00f6neminde k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi alan 3,5 milyon ki\u015fi ile \u00fccretsiz izne g\u00f6nderilen 2,5 milyon ki\u015fiyi T\u00dc\u0130K istihdam\u0131n i\u00e7inde kabul etti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, eksik istihdam edilen veya i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f kesimler de hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, D\u0130SK-AR\u2019a g\u00f6re, geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlerin say\u0131s\u0131 pandemi d\u00f6neminde 9,5 milyona, geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 da %26,4\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. <strong>(6)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015ften at\u0131lan veya k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma programlar\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n gelir kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetler \u00e7e\u015fitli paketler a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. Fakat bu paketler, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelir kayb\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktan olduk\u00e7a uzak kald\u0131. ILO raporuna g\u00f6re, k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte pandemi nedeniyle ilan edilen mali canland\u0131rma paketlerinin 9 trilyon dolar civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, bununsa yitirilen i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc gelirinin yar\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fi hesaplanmakta. Dahas\u0131 bu paketlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 y\u00fcksek gelirli olarak tabir edilen \u00fclkelerde uyguland\u0131. Kay\u0131plar\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 orta ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli \u00fclkelerde, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler \u00e7ok k\u0131smi ad\u0131mlar att\u0131lar. <strong>(7) <\/strong>Bunun da \u00f6tesinde, a\u00e7\u0131klanan paketlerin ne kadarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilere ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n patronlara te\u015fvik olarak gitti\u011fi de ayr\u0131 bir ba\u015fl\u0131kta incelenmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zetle, pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda patronlar\u0131n azalan k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131 telafi etmek veya zararlar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in kitlesel bir bi\u00e7imde i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmaya gitti\u011fini, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paketlerinse i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kesiminin zararlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde,&nbsp; ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131, yar\u0131s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan yoksul emek\u00e7ilerin ise pandemiden en a\u011f\u0131r darbeyi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funlukla hi\u00e7bir gelir yard\u0131m\u0131 olmadan kaderlerine terk edildikleri bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7iyoruz. \u015eimdiyse, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin, \u00e7e\u015fitli liberal veya sosyal demokrat ideologlar\u0131n \u201csosyal devlet\u201d kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00f6rnek olarak sunduklar\u0131 \u201ck\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma programlar\u0131na\u201d g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Reform \u00f6nerisi: \u201cDaha az \u00e7al\u0131\u015f, daha az kazan\u201d<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu d\u00f6nemde, Almanya ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde uygulamaya konan k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma programlar\u0131, IMF\u2019den sosyal demokrat kesimlere dek pek \u00e7ok kesimden \u00f6vg\u00fc ald\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak d\u00fcnyaya sunuldu. <strong>(8)<\/strong> Almanya\u2019da <em>Kurzarbeit<\/em> olarak isimlendirilen ve di\u011fer dillere \u201ck\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131\u201d bi\u00e7iminde \u00e7evrilen uygulaman\u0131n tarihi asl\u0131nda 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ncesine dek uzan\u0131yor. Temel olarak bu sistem, kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde patronlar\u0131n bir fabrikadaki bir miktar i\u015f\u00e7iyi i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 yerine, t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te i\u015f\u00e7ilerin mevcut \u00fccretlerinden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir miktar\u0131 almaya devam etmesi olarak \u00f6zetlenebilir. Uygulaman\u0131n kapsam\u0131, s\u00fcresi, \u00fccretten yap\u0131lan kesinti oran\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fl\u0131k \u00fclkeden \u00fclkeye ve zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebiliyor. Bu uygulaman\u0131n bir benzerini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi olarak yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yoruz.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Almanya\u2019da k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi olarak i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00fccretlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi veriliyor. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda program\u0131n kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rleri geni\u015fletti ve s\u00fcresini uzatt\u0131. Kapanman\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mart ay\u0131ndan nisan ay\u0131n\u0131n sonuna dek <em>Kurbarzeit<\/em> i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuran i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 10 milyonu, yani toplam i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %20\u2019sini a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <strong>(9)<\/strong> Ba\u015fka pek \u00e7ok Avrupa \u00fclkesinde benzer \u00f6rnekleri uygulanan bu sistem pandemi d\u00f6neminde \u0130ngiltere, Romanya ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeye daha yay\u0131ld\u0131. ABD\u2019de ise, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131 yerine i\u015fsizlere federal h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan ayl\u0131k yard\u0131mlar yap\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma programlar\u0131 sosyal demokrat partiler, sendikalar, Keynes\u00e7i ekonomistler ve hatta liberallerin bir kesimi taraf\u0131ndan da destekleniyor. Program\u0131n resmi i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede tuttu\u011fu ve kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilere nefes alma \u015fans\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek. Ne var ki, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma programlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerden \u00e7ok patronlara yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131lda tutmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7\u0131kartarak \u00f6demek zorunda kalacaklar\u0131 tazminatlar\u0131 \u00f6demekten kurtulduklar\u0131 gibi, program\u0131n kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem boyunca k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6denekleri kamu kaynaklar\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor. Bu faydalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kriz sonras\u0131nda nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fc\u00e7lerini kaybetmeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenini yeniden kurma \u015fans\u0131 yakal\u0131yorlar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, program kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nan i\u015f\u00e7iler, daha az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fans\u0131 yakalamakla birlikte, son y\u0131llarda k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte giderek d\u00fc\u015fen i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, \u00f6nemli gelir kay\u0131plar\u0131na u\u011fruyorlar. Daha \u00f6nemlisi, bu programlardan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin daha g\u00fcvenceli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan az\u0131nl\u0131ktaki kesimi faydalanabiliyor. Giderek daha fazla yay\u0131lan esnek, g\u00fcvencesiz ve ge\u00e7ici i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7o\u011funluk ise bu programlar\u0131n da d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kal\u0131yor.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de uygulanan k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi (K\u00c7\u00d6) ise \u00e7ok daha fazla i\u015f\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6ncelikle, K\u00c7\u00d6 h\u00fck\u00fcmet fonlar\u0131ndan de\u011fil, i\u015fsizler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u0130\u015fsizlik Sigortas\u0131 Fonu\u2019ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor. K\u00c7\u00d6 kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nan i\u015f\u00e7i, bir s\u00fcre sonra i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fsizlik \u00f6dene\u011finden faydalanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 yitiriyor. Ayr\u0131ca, emeklilik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n fazlas\u0131yla zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, i\u015f\u00e7iler prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli kay\u0131plar ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin itiraz\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131n\u0131n yeni bir uygulama olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftik. \u201830\u2019lu y\u0131llardaki b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik kriz alt\u0131nda benzer uygulamalar ABD\u2019de de hayata ge\u00e7irildi. \u201929 ekonomik krizinin ard\u0131ndan kitlesel i\u015fsizlik ve sefaletle y\u00fczle\u015fen ABD i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 radikal eylemlere giri\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, geleneksel sendika b\u00fcrokrasisinden (AFL &#8211; Amerikan Emek Federasyonu) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yeni bir sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fct (CIO \u2013 Sanayi \u00d6rg\u00fctleri Kongresi) in\u015fa etmi\u015fti. 1938\u2019de bir CIO temsilcisiyle Tro\u00e7ki aras\u0131nda Meksika\u2019da ilgin\u00e7 bir tart\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fan\u0131r. Temsilci, i\u015fsizli\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinde indirime gidilmeksizin i\u015flerin b\u00fct\u00fcn sendika \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu sayede i\u015fyerlerinde i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma olmazken, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin eski \u00fccretlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Tro\u00e7ki ise temsilciye \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Neden? Bu korkun\u00e7 bir \u015fey! Saatlik \u00fccretlerde herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin e\u015fel mobil sistemiyle ayarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 kabul ettiniz? Ama bu yaln\u0131zca, i\u015fsizli\u011fin b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn, t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7ilerin omuzlar\u0131na y\u00fcklenmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. Her bir i\u015f\u00e7iye toplam \u00fccretinin be\u015fte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc feda ettirerek, burjuvaziyi kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fsizler i\u00e7in harcama zorunlulu\u011fundan kurtarm\u0131\u015f oluyorsunuz. (\u2026) Amerikan kapitalizmi kronik ve tedavi edilemez bir hastal\u0131ktan mustarip. (\u2026) Bu, i\u015f\u00e7ilerinizin eski \u00fccretlerinin yar\u0131n y\u00fczde 30\u2019unu, daha sonraki g\u00fcn y\u00fczde 25\u2019ini alaca\u011f\u0131 ve bunun bu \u015fekilde devam edece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor. Belirli zamanlarda iyile\u015fmelerin ya\u015fanmas\u0131 do\u011frudur ve hatta bu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r ancak genel e\u011fri \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve yoksulla\u015fma y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. <strong>(10)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131, anl\u0131k durumda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine de olsa nefes alabilece\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler de\u011fil, kapitalizmin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durum ve giderek daha fazla \u00fcretti\u011fi sefalet ve y\u0131k\u0131md\u0131r. ABD \u201830\u2019lu y\u0131llardaki kronik krizinden, ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine, D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na girerek ve bu s\u0131rada yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 devasa sava\u015f end\u00fcstrisi ve ard\u0131ndan sava\u015f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinden canlanan d\u00fcnya ekonomisi sayesinde \u00e7\u0131kabildi. Ne var ki, bu canlanma ge\u00e7iciydi ve Avrupa ve Japonya\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, milyonlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinden \u015fekillenmi\u015fti. \u201870\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kronik kriz ise giderek daha fazla derinle\u015fiyor ve ABD i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla yoksulla\u015fmas\u0131na, i\u015fsizlik ile hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde bulabilece\u011fi ge\u00e7ici, yar\u0131-zamanl\u0131 i\u015fler aras\u0131nda tercihte bulunmas\u0131na neden oluyor. ABD i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin radikal grev hareketinden do\u011fan CIO ise, yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan politikalar\u0131yla zaman i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7i taban\u0131ndan tamamen uzakla\u015f\u0131r ve geleneksel sendika b\u00fcrokrasisini temsil eden AFL (Amerikan Emek Federasyonu) ile birle\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin itiraz\u0131 ve bu tart\u0131\u015fma, t\u00fcm emek hareketi i\u00e7in yak\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Pandeminin ekonomik krizle birle\u015fmesi sonucunda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan durum, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, i\u015fsizlik ve gelir payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Teknolojide \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131rken, kronik kriz i\u00e7indeki kapitalizm yeni i\u015f alanlar\u0131 yaratam\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyadaki i\u015fsiz veya at\u0131l durumda kalan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 giderek geni\u015fliyor. Bu d\u00f6nemde dahi en zenginlerin servetleri artarken en yoksul dilime girenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fckseliyor. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 ve <em>Kurzarbeit<\/em> uygulamas\u0131yla \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilen Almanya\u2019da dahi milyonlarca ki\u015fi ge\u00e7inebilmek birka\u00e7 yar\u0131-zamanl\u0131 i\u015fte birden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda. <strong>(11) <\/strong>Almanya\u2019da \u00fccretlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte biri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret kategorisinde yer al\u0131yor. Bu oran 1995\u2019te %15 civar\u0131ndayd\u0131.\u00a0<strong>(12)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Temel sorunumuz, sendikalar\u0131n ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi temsilcilerinin halen g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik politikalarla hareket ediyor olmas\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fi yap\u0131sal i\u015fsizlik ve hayat pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131srarla \u00fczerinden atlamalar\u0131. Bu konuda daha ileri bir tutum almas\u0131n\u0131 bekledi\u011fimiz D\u0130SK y\u00f6netimi dahi, Covid-19 d\u00f6neminde <em>Kurzarbeit<\/em> s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7meyi ba\u015faramad\u0131. \u0130\u015fsizlik \u00f6dene\u011fi d\u00fczenlemesine ili\u015fkin D\u0130SK Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Arzu \u00c7erkezo\u011flu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u015fu talepleri dile getirdi: \u201c\u0130\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar Covid-19 s\u00fcresince yasaklanmal\u0131, i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar ve \u00fccretsiz izinler yerine k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Covid-19 s\u00fcresince b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7iler s\u00fcre ko\u015fulu aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015fsizlik \u00f6dene\u011fi ve k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011finden yararlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d <strong>(13)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011finin h\u00fck\u00fcmet fonlar\u0131ndan de\u011fil, \u0130\u015fsizlik Fonu\u2019ndan sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131da belirtmi\u015ftik. K\u00c7\u00d6 pandemiden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, \u0130\u015fsizlik Fonu\u2019nun ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131na dayanan, patronlara \u00f6nemli kazan\u00e7lar sa\u011flayan ve i\u015f\u00e7ileri a\u011f\u0131r ma\u011fduriyetlere u\u011fratan bir sistem. Sendikalar\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle hak kay\u0131plar\u0131 yaratan K\u00c7\u00d6 sisteminin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini savunmas\u0131 gerekirken, K\u00c7\u00d6\u2019den faydalanman\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmak, D\u0130SK\u2019in dahi mevziyi ne kadar geri bir hatta kurdu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri mutlak sefalete s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen \u00fccretsiz izin uygulamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 K\u00c7\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn geni\u015fletilmesi, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durumu biraz olsun rahatlatacakt\u0131r, bi\u00e7iminde bir itiraz geli\u015ftirilebilir. Bununla birlikte, sorun Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin de i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi, anl\u0131k durumumuz de\u011fil, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin giderek daha geni\u015f kesimlerinin itildi\u011fi mutlak sefalet ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00c7\u00d6\u2019nun geni\u015fletilmesi yerine, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin gelir kayb\u0131na u\u011framaks\u0131z\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet fonlar\u0131yla desteklenmesi i\u00e7in en zenginlerden servet vergisi al\u0131nmas\u0131, Yap-\u0130\u015flet-Devret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n iptali ve bu d\u00fczenlemedeki i\u015fletmelerin tazminats\u0131z kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok talep bu d\u00f6nemde i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fckseltilmeli ve savunma hatt\u0131 bu gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar \u00fczerinden kurulmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Demokrasisi Partisi\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cHerkese gelir g\u00fcvencesi! Emek\u00e7iler i\u00e7in kaynak var!\u201d kampanyas\u0131 tam da b\u00f6yle bir m\u00fccadele program\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltti.<strong>\u00a0(14)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tembellik hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cH\u00e2l\u00e2 anlam\u0131yorlar makinenin insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu; insan\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00fccretli i\u015flerden kurtaracak olan, azat eden, bo\u015f zaman ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck veren Tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu.\u201d <strong>(15)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, i\u015fsizlik ve derinle\u015fen sefalet \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fma, pandemiden \u00f6nce oldu\u011fu gibi pandemiden sonra da temel tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri olacak. Paul Lafargue, 140 sene \u00f6nce yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em>Tembellik Hakk\u0131<\/em> kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n o g\u00fcnl\u00fck geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyinde, g\u00fcnde 3 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131yordu. Teknolojide ya\u015fanan radikal geli\u015fmeler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin Lafargue\u2019nin hayallerinin dahi \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde bir bi\u00e7imde k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yor. Ne var ki, bunun i\u00e7in \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kapitalistlerin daha fazla k\u00e2r elde etmesi i\u00e7in de\u011fil, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 temelinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve planlanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. \u0130\u00e7inde ge\u00e7mekte oldu\u011fumuz \u00e7evresel, toplumsal ve ekonomik kriz insanl\u0131\u011fa fazla zaman b\u0131rakmad\u0131. Kapitalizmin neden oldu\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131m y\u00fcz milyonlarca insan\u0131 sefalete s\u00fcr\u00fcklemekle kalm\u0131yor, her ge\u00e7en dakika gezegendeki ya\u015fam olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 da t\u00fcketiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neyse ki, geli\u015fen yaln\u0131zca kapitalizmin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri de\u011fil. Kitleler de haklar\u0131 ve talepleri i\u00e7in giderek daha fazla m\u00fccadeleye at\u0131l\u0131yorlar. 2019 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada m\u00fccadelelerin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede seferberliklerin rejimleri veya h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri devirdi\u011fi bir y\u0131l oldu. 2020\u2019de pandemiden dolay\u0131 ge\u00e7ici bir duraklama olsa da, bu sene i\u00e7inde kapitalizmin kalbinde, ABD\u2019de, bug\u00fcne kadar \u00fclke tarihinde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck kitlesel seferberli\u011fe tan\u0131kl\u0131k ettik. Bir kez daha sorunlar\u0131n sorunu, kitlelerin m\u00fccadelesinde de\u011fil, \u00f6nderliklerin konformizminde yat\u0131yor. Seferberlik halindeki kitleler zafer kazanabilmek i\u00e7in, m\u00fccadelelerini kapitalizmden kopu\u015fa y\u00f6nlendirecek programa ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. Yeniden Tro\u00e7ki ie CIO temsilcisi aras\u0131ndaki konu\u015fmaya d\u00f6nelim:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>CIO g\u00f6revlisi:<\/strong> E\u011fer siz bug\u00fcn ABD\u2019de bir sendika \u00f6rg\u00fctleme g\u00f6revlisi olsayd\u0131n\u0131z ne yapard\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p><p><strong>Tro\u00e7ki:<\/strong> \u0130lk olarak sendikalar\u0131n i\u015fsizlik ve \u00fccretler sorununu ters y\u00fcz etmeleri gerekiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sizde oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin e\u015fel mobil sistemiyle ayarlanmas\u0131 do\u011frudur. Herkesin bir i\u015fe sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. <strong>Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin e\u015fel mobil sistemiyle ayarlanmas\u0131na, \u00fccretlerin e\u015fel mobil sistemiyle ayarlanmas\u0131 e\u015flik etmelidir.<\/strong> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya \u00e7ekilmesine izin veremez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu insanl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yok edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. 1929 krizinin hemen \u00f6ncesindeki en y\u00fcksek haftal\u0131k \u00fccret oranlar\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olarak al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan kudretli \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler ortadan kaybolmad\u0131 ya da yok edilmedi; bunlar elimizin alt\u0131nda duruyorlar. \u0130\u015fsizlikten, bu \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip olanlar ve onlar\u0131 kontrol edenler sorumludur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istiyorlar. <strong>Mevcut i\u015fler b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Her bir i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6denen haftal\u0131k \u00fccret ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00f6denmi\u015f olan en y\u00fcksek \u00fccretten daha az olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Sendikalar\u0131n do\u011fal, vazge\u00e7ilmez ve ertelenemez talebi bu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi halde, tarihsel geli\u015fmeler taraf\u0131ndan bir \u00e7\u00f6p gibi s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp gideceklerdir.\u201d <strong>(16)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.)<\/strong>\u00a0ILO, World Employment and Social Outlook \u2013 Trends 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---dgreports\/---dcomm\/---publ\/documents\/publication\/wcms_734455.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/&#8212;dgreports\/&#8212;dcomm\/&#8212;publ\/documents\/publication\/wcms_734455.pdf<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.)<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/poverty\/overview\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/poverty\/overview<\/a> (son g\u00fcncelleme 7 Ekim 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.)\u00a0<\/strong>ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. 6th edition <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/topics\/coronavirus\/impacts-and-responses\/WCMS_755910\/lang--en\/index.htm\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/topics\/coronavirus\/impacts-and-responses\/WCMS_755910\/lang&#8211;en\/index.htm<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.)<\/strong> Bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/covid-shrinks-the-labor-market-pushing-out-women-and-baby-boomers-11607022074?st=buogbrgiismxveh&amp;reflink=desktopwebshare_twitter\">https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/covid-shrinks-the-labor-market-pushing-out-women-and-baby-boomers-11607022074?st=buogbrgiismxveh&amp;reflink=desktopwebshare_twitter<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.)<\/strong> Bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.socialeurope.eu\/eu-labour-markets-in-the-pandemic-unemployment-only-part-of-the-story\">https:\/\/www.socialeurope.eu\/eu-labour-markets-in-the-pandemic-unemployment-only-part-of-the-story<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6.)<\/strong> Bkz. <a href=\"http:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=4578\">http:\/\/arastirma.disk.org.tr\/?p=4578<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7.)<\/strong> ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. 6th edition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8.)<\/strong> Bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.socialeurope.eu\/austrian-short-time-work-model-a-labour-market-policy-for-the-many-not-the-few\">https:\/\/www.socialeurope.eu\/austrian-short-time-work-model-a-labour-market-policy-for-the-many-not-the-few<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9.)<\/strong> Bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2020\/06\/11\/na061120-kurzarbeit-germanys-short-time-work-benefit\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2020\/06\/11\/na061120-kurzarbeit-germanys-short-time-work-benefit<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10.)\u00a0<\/strong>Tro\u00e7ki, Lev, <em>Emperyalist \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcme \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda Sendikalar<\/em>, Yaz\u0131n Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, sf. 71-72.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11.) <\/strong>Bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-more-and-more-people-work-multiple-jobs\/a-52082037\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-more-and-more-people-work-multiple-jobs\/a-52082037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>12.)<\/strong> Bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/195133\/1\/166313149X.pdf\">https:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/195133\/1\/166313149X.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>13.) <\/strong>Bkz. <a href=\"http:\/\/disk.org.tr\/2020\/03\/kisa-calisma-odenegi-ile-ilgili-yapilan-duzenleme-cok-yetersiz-dag-fare-dogurdu\/\">http:\/\/disk.org.tr\/2020\/03\/kisa-calisma-odenegi-ile-ilgili-yapilan-duzenleme-cok-yetersiz-dag-fare-dogurdu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>14.)<\/strong> Bkz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gazetenisan.net\/2020\/06\/sosyalistlerden-ortak-cagri-herkese-is-ve-gelir-guvencesi-icin-birlesik-mucadeleye\/\">https:\/\/www.gazetenisan.net\/2020\/06\/sosyalistlerden-ortak-cagri-herkese-is-ve-gelir-guvencesi-icin-birlesik-mucadeleye\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>15.)<\/strong>\u00a0Lafargue, Paul, <em>Tembellik Hakk\u0131<\/em>, Cumhuriyet D\u00fcnya Klasikleri, 1999, \u00e7ev. Vedat G\u00fcnyol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00a016.)<\/strong> Tro\u00e7ki, a.g.e. sf. 77-78.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u015fsizlik ve temel bir ya\u015fam gelirinden yoksunluk, k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte emek\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fi en temel sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Pandemi bu sorunu daha da derinle\u015ftirdi, ama pandemi \u00f6ncesinde de tablo zaten olduk\u00e7a vahimdi. Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bir pandemi haline gelmesinden hemen \u00f6nce, Ocak 2020\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (ILO) raporuna g\u00f6re (1), k\u00fcresel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %61\u2019i kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2091,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[924,701],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19","category-politika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2089"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2092,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions\/2092"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}