{"id":202,"date":"2019-02-04T21:27:17","date_gmt":"2019-02-04T18:27:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/94.237.85.66\/?p=202"},"modified":"2019-02-16T02:32:59","modified_gmt":"2019-02-15T23:32:59","slug":"dorduncu-enternasyonal-kurulus-kongresi-kararlari-onsoz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2019\/02\/04\/dorduncu-enternasyonal-kurulus-kongresi-kararlari-onsoz\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal kurulu\u015f kongresi kararlar\u0131: \u00d6ns\u00f6z"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu metin, IV. Enternasyonal ABD seksiyonu Sosyalist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin (SWP) 1939\u2019da New York\u2019ta yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal Kurulu\u015f Kongresi-Program ve Kararlar<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131n Max Shachtman taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr. Duygu Yorganc\u0131 ve \u015eemsi Ayd\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda fa\u015fistlerin Almanya\u2019da iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmelerinin ard\u0131ndan, \u201cTro\u00e7kizm\u201d nedeniyle III. Enternasyonal\u2019den ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015f devrimcilerin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Uluslararas\u0131 Kom\u00fcnist Birlik (UKB) \u015fu slogan\u0131 y\u00fckseltti: Yeni bir Enternasyonalin, IV. Enternasyonal\u2019in in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in ileri! B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde yeni kom\u00fcnist partilerin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in ileri!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UKB bu zamana kadar Komintern\u2019i reforme etme politikas\u0131n\u0131 takip etmi\u015fti.(1)<\/strong> Bu yeni slogan, bu politikan\u0131n terk edildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu. 1 A\u011fustos 1914\u2019te emperyalist sava\u015fa verilen a\u00e7\u0131k deste\u011fin II. Enternasyonal\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc simgelemesi gibi, Alman Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin (KPD) [fa\u015fizme- \u00e7n.] korkak\u00e7a teslimi de Komintern\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc simgeliyordu. III. Enternasyonal Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Komitesi\u2019nin t\u00fcm seksiyonlar i\u00e7in KPD\u2019nin politikalar\u0131na ko\u015fulsuz deste\u011fi zorunlu k\u0131lmas\u0131, Enternasyonal\u2019in i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketi i\u00e7inde gerici bir g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1933\u2019ten bu yana ge\u00e7en be\u015f y\u0131l, uluslararas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f hareketi i\u00e7inde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimlere tan\u0131k oldu. Felaketler birbirini izledi. Saar, Avusturya, Etiyopya, Rusya, \u0130spanya, \u00c7in ve Fransa\u2019da ya\u015fananlar iki eski Enternasyonal\u2019in iflas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi.(2)<\/strong> Sosyal demokratlar ve Stalinistler aras\u0131nda artan yak\u0131nla\u015fma, proletaryan\u0131n birli\u011fi ve zaferi amac\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, proletaryay\u0131 burjuvaziye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 k\u0131lma amac\u0131na ve sonu\u00e7 olarak da utan\u00e7 verici yenilgilerin uzun listesine bir yenisinin daha eklenmesine hizmet etti. Bug\u00fcn \u0130kinci Enternasyonal, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f demokratik yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde, burjuvazinin sosyal diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ara\u00e7tan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal ise Sovyet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Stalinist b\u00fcrokrasinin politik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ara\u00e7tan ibaret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde UKB\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hareket, t\u00fcm zorluklara ra\u011fmen D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in kurulu\u015fu amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kararl\u0131l\u0131kla ilerledi. Saflar\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 bir etkiye maruz kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n, bu hareketin i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan ve ondan ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 kopard\u0131ktan sonraysa kendilerini iktidars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ve ulusalc\u0131 bir \u00e7izgiye mahk\u00fbm eden t\u00fcm ultra sol ve amat\u00f6r e\u011filimlerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7 sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendi devrimci ilkelerinden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden, Hollanda, Fransa, Bel\u00e7ika, Avusturya, \u0130ngiltere ve ABD\u2019de \u0130kinci Enternasyonal\u2019den ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve [UKB\u2019nin \u2013\u00e7n.] yeni hareketine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f militanlar\u0131 seksiyonlar\u0131 ile kendi i\u00e7inde eritmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda, olaylar\u0131n ilke ve taktikleri maruz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zor s\u0131namadan ge\u00e7ebilen ve program\u0131n\u0131 bu olaylardan \u00e7\u0131kan dersleri kapsayacak bi\u00e7imde geni\u015fletebilen yetenekte tek hareket oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Bunu olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lan yaln\u0131zca, her zaman hareket noktas\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Marksist ilkeler de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u0131k\u0131ca takip edilen, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve verimli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in biricik ko\u015ful olan demokratik merkeziyet\u00e7ilik ilkesiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli merkezci gruplar\u0131n evrimi s\u00fcresince a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan farkl\u0131l\u0131k hareketimizdeki bu g\u00fc\u00e7lenmenin \u00f6nemini daha da artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bir tarafta \u0130kinci ve \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal, \u00f6b\u00fcr tarafta D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal: bu iki taraf\u0131n aras\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devrimci bir pozisyon s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme umutlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen hayal\u00ee oldu\u011fu art\u0131k kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki ana merkezci ak\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fimi bunu do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlardan ilki Brandler-Lovestone \u201cEnternasyonali\u201ddir.(3)<\/strong> Bu Enternasyonal\u2019in fiziksel par\u00e7alanmas\u0131, onun, ana \u201cilkelerinden\u201d birini olu\u015fturan \u201cTro\u00e7kist sekterli\u011fe\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyici tavra kendi i\u00e7inde yeterli bir cevapt\u0131r. Politik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ise onun sosyal demokrasiye geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolunun k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011funa dair \u00f6zg\u00fcn analizimizi do\u011frular. \u00c7ek seksiyonu, \u0130kinci Enternasyonal\u2019in b\u00f6lge partisine kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130sve\u00e7li ve Frans\u0131z arkada\u015flar\u0131 da zaten ayn\u0131 kamptayd\u0131. Alsas\u2019taki gruplar\u0131, sa\u011f kanat kom\u00fcnizmini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine ba\u015far\u0131yla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hindistan\u2019daki temsilcisi Roy(4)<\/strong> ise Moskova taraf\u0131ndan resmen tan\u0131nman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her a\u00e7\u0131dan bir Stalinist. \u00d6nemsiz bir Alman g\u00f6\u00e7men grubu ve ABD\u2019deki Lovestoncular d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu Enternasyonal\u2019den geriye kalan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yok. Ki son olarak, ABD\u2019deki Lovestoncular, sendika se\u00e7imlerinde burjuva parti adaylar\u0131n\u0131 destekleme d\u00fczeyine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler; politikalar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i b\u00fcrokrasisinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na dayan\u0131yor ve pasifist \u201cbirle\u015fik cephe\u201d politikalar\u0131yla, kendilerini kapitalizm alt\u0131nda ulusal savunmaya adamaktalar. Brandlercili\u011fin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fte bu yeni ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile simgelenmekte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci ak\u0131m ise Londra B\u00fcrosu.(5)<\/strong> Onun evrimi de II. Enternasyonal y\u00f6n\u00fcnde. En b\u00fcy\u00fck seksiyonu Norve\u00e7 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi, LSI\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u015fimdi Norve\u00e7 burjuvazisi i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmette g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenmekte. Di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck seksiyonu \u0130spanya\u2019dan POUM (Birle\u015fik Marksist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi), burjuva devletin h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle koalisyona girerek Marksizm\u2019in en temel prensiplerini terk etti. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck seksiyon, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019dan ILP (Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi) ise yol arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6z yummakla yetindi. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck seksiyonu Almanya\u2019dan SAP(6)<\/strong> ise Halk Cephesini(7)<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a destekliyor, Stalinistlerle fl\u00f6rt ediyor, Wels, Stampfer, Deutsch and Co.\u2019ya \u201cyeniden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f\u201d T\u00fcm Alman Sosyal Demokrasisi\u2019ne kabul i\u00e7in yalvar\u0131yor. Di\u011fer \u00fcyeler de bunlardan farkl\u0131 de\u011filler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Bu \u201cEnternasyonallerle\u201d aramazdaki -\u00e7n.] fark, bir tesad\u00fcf de\u011fil. Biz, e\u011fer savunduklar\u0131 ilkeler hakk\u0131nda fazla titiz olmazlarsa kitlelerin deste\u011fini kazanabileceklerine inanan oport\u00fcnist has\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n alaylar\u0131ndan etkilenmedik; tersine, pratikte denenmi\u015f tavr\u0131 devam ettirdik: Devrimcilerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grubu dahi bir arada tutmak i\u00e7in inat\u00e7\u0131 olmas\u0131 gereken d\u00f6nemler vard\u0131r; g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kitlesel partiye do\u011fru geli\u015fmek ancak Marksizmin ilkelerine inatla tutunarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f 10\u201315 y\u0131l\u0131n ini\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 boyunca, bizim izledi\u011fimiz yol bu oldu. Bundan pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duymak i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir sebep yok. Bu yol, m\u00fccadelemizin ilk on y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n IV. Enternasyonal\u2019in (Sosyalist Devrimin D\u00fcnya Partisi) kurulu\u015fuyla ta\u00e7lanmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurulu\u015f konferans\u0131m\u0131z kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir salonda ger\u00e7ekle\u015femedi. Burjuvazi ve onun Stalinist ve sosyal demokrat silahl\u0131 \u00e7avu\u015flar\u0131, devrimci enternasyonalistleri gizlice ve b\u00f6yle gizlice ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lman\u0131n zorluklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanmaya mecbur b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama bu ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 maddi olanaklar gibi di\u011fer t\u00fcm engellere ra\u011fmen 30 delege 3 Eyl\u00fcl 1938\u2019de \u201c\u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de\u201d [ger\u00e7ekte Fransa Perigny\u2019de A. Rosmer\u2019in evinde \u2014 yazar\u0131n notu] IV. Enternasyonal\u2019i kurmak, eylem program\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek ve bu bro\u015f\u00fcrde yer alan di\u011fer kararlar\u0131 onaylamak i\u00e7in topland\u0131. ABD, Fransa, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya (\u0130ngiltere ve \u0130sko\u00e7ya), Almanya, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, \u0130talya, Latin Amerika, Polonya, Bel\u00e7ika, Hollanda ve Yunanistan olmak \u00fczere on bir \u00fclke, delegeler taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan temsil edildi. Bu \u00fclkelerdeki \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00e7e\u015fitli hukuksal ve fiziksel nedenlerle delege g\u00f6nderememi\u015f ama IV. Enternasyonal\u2019e i\u00e7tenlikle taahh\u00fct veren bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke vard\u0131: Meksika, K\u00fcba, Porto Riko, Brezilya, Kolombiya, Arjantin, Uruguay, Peru, \u015eili, \u00c7in, Hindi \u00c7ini, G\u00fcney Afrika Birli\u011fi, Avustralya, \u0130spanya, Norve\u00e7, Avusturya, \u00c7ekoslovakya, Danimarka, Kanada, \u0130svi\u00e7re. \u00c7ekirdek halinde seksiyonlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke ise illegalite nedeniyle d\u00fczenli bir yay\u0131na dahi sahip de\u011fil: Litvanya, Romanya, Yugoslavya, Bulgaristan, Yeni Zelanda, \u0130sve\u00e7, \u0130rlanda, Filistin, Hindistan, vs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, IV. Enternasyonal bayra\u011f\u0131 her k\u0131tada ve her \u00f6nemli \u00fclkede dikilmi\u015ftir. Ne I. ne II. Enternasyonal, hatta kurulu\u015f kongresindeki III. Enternasyonal dahi bunu s\u00f6ylemeye muktedir de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Enternasyonal \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n yeni bir emperyalist katliama do\u011fru bal\u0131klama atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, proletaryan\u0131n geleneksel partilerinin burjuvazinin bayra\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda topland\u0131\u011f\u0131, merkezcilerin kendi i\u00e7 \u00e7eli\u015fkileri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden felce u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dramatik M\u00fcnih haftas\u0131(8)<\/strong> boyunca, ayn\u0131 tarihlerde toplanm\u0131\u015f olan d\u00fcnya kongremiz, proletaryay\u0131 emperyalistlere, onun sava\u015f\u0131na ve dalkavuklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kararl\u0131 bir uluslararas\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in birle\u015fmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran tek a\u00e7\u0131k bildiriyi yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Enternasyonal \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kitlelerin kutsal \u201cdemokrasi\u201d, \u201cbar\u0131\u015f\u201d ve \u201chalk cephesi\u201d naralar\u0131yla, ki bunlar ihaneti saklamak i\u00e7in g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc aletlerdir, akl\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p cesaretinin k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu zamanda, o d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda kitlelerin ihtiya\u00e7 ve isteklerini yans\u0131tan, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge halklar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131c\u0131 sorunlar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i ve uygulanabilir cevaplar veren somut taleplerin ge\u00e7i\u015f program\u0131n\u0131 benimsemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Enternasyonal \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun gelene\u011fi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri derinlere k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilemez, \u00f6yle ki, pop\u00fcler ismiyle \u201cTro\u00e7kizm\u201d, Kremlin\u2019in gerici, Sovyet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 b\u00fcrokrasisinin, kan denizinde bo\u011fmaya \u00e7abalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 proleter demokrasisinin yeniden dirilen g\u00fc\u00e7lerini temsil eden y\u00fczlerce kahraman devrimci \u00f6nc\u00fc ve eski m\u00fccadeleciler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. IV. Enternasyonal, Almanya, Avusturya, Yunanistan, Latin Amerika, Fransa, \u00c7in, Hindi \u00c7ini, \u0130spanya ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ndeki kapitalist ve Stalinist gericili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 veya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini korkusuzca vermi\u015f kahramanlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Onlar yeni hareketin habercisi ve \u00f6rnekleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ftira, tecrit, tuzaklar, i\u015fkence, hapis ve cinayet… IV. Enternasyonal d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. O, [t\u00fcm bunlardan-\u00e7.] kurtulmu\u015ftur, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan da b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle kurtulaca\u011f\u0131 gibi. Bug\u00fcn ba\u015fta program\u0131yla, y\u00fcce ama\u00e7lar\u0131yla, u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi davaya bitmez t\u00fckenmez g\u00fcveniyle silahlanmaktad\u0131r. Yar\u0131nsa g\u00fcc\u00fc milyonlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc olacakt\u0131r, program\u0131 milyonlar i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 sosyal d\u00fczenin ac\u0131lar\u0131ndan ve i\u011fren\u00e7liklerinden kurtulman\u0131n tek yolunu sunmaktad\u0131r. Ve milyonlar, kitleler, kazanacaklar! Zafer y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde IV. Enternasyonal\u2019in, yani Sosyalist Devrimin D\u00fcnya Partisi\u2019nin bayra\u011f\u0131 dalgalanacak!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 Ocak 1939<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dipnotlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.) <\/strong>Bir politik kar\u015f\u0131devrimle SSCB\u2019de iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren Stalinist b\u00fcrokrasi, Lenin\u2019in aktif politikadan \u00e7ekilmesinin ard\u0131ndan Komintern politikalar\u0131n\u0131 revize etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu revizyona kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci enternasyonalist politikalar\u0131 savunan Tro\u00e7ki \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Sol Muhalefet, Komintern\u2019i devrimci \u00f6z\u00fcne d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme m\u00fccadelesi vermekteydi. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Sol Muhalefet ad\u0131n\u0131 alarak t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye ba\u015flayan devrimci enternasyonalistler, Alman Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin 1933\u2019te fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 tek bir kur\u015fun atmadan teslim bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmesinin ard\u0131ndan, Komintern\u2019in devrimci vasf\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yitirdi\u011fi tespitini yapt\u0131 ve Komintern\u2019i d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme politikas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7erek, UKB ad\u0131yla yeni bir enternasyonalin kurulmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bu anlamda UKB, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternayonal\u2019in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.)<\/strong> \u0130spanya, \u00c7in ve Fransa\u2019da Komintern\u2019in dayatmalar\u0131yla Kom\u00fcnist Partilerin s\u0131n\u0131f politikalar\u0131 g\u00fctmeleri yasaklanarak proletarya burjuvaziye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bunun sonucunda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fclkelerde kanl\u0131 yenilgiler almas\u0131na sebep olunmu\u015ftur. Saar ve Avusturya\u2019da iki eski Enternasyonal\u2019in ihanetiyle fa\u015fizm iktidara gelmi\u015f, Etiyopya fa\u015fist \u0130talya taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.)<\/strong> \u201cBuharinci\u201d Uluslararas\u0131 Sa\u011f Kom\u00fcnist Muhalefet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.)<\/strong> Hindistan kom\u00fcnizminin \u00f6nderlerinden; Komintern\u2019in ikinci kongresinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7inde burjuva milliyet\u00e7ileri ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savundu. Daha sonra Buharin\u2019in sa\u011f muhalefetine kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve Brandlerci oldu. Sonraki y\u0131llarda sosyalizm ile ili\u015fkisini kesti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.)<\/strong> II. ve III. Enternasyonal\u2019lere kat\u0131lmayan ama IV. Enternasyonal\u2019in kurulmas\u0131na muhalif merkezci partilerin gev\u015fek bir birli\u011fiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.)<\/strong> SAP, Almanya\u2019da Sosyal Demokratlar\u0131n partinin sol kanad\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 ki\u015fiyi partiden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan sonra, Ekim 1931\u2019de kuruldu. 1932 bahar\u0131nda Alman Sa\u011f Kom\u00fcnist Muhalefetinde meydana gelen b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin ard\u0131ndan, bu \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lan 800 ki\u015filik bir grup SAP\u2019a kat\u0131larak bu partinin liderli\u011fini ele ge\u00e7irdi. 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda SAP yeni bir Enternasyonale ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funa dair bir deklarasyona imza att\u0131, ancak daha sonralar\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir olu\u015fumun ba\u015fl\u0131ca muhaliflerinden biri haline geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.)<\/strong> Halk cephesi \u00e7izgisi, 1935\u2019te Komintern\u2019in benimsedi\u011fi sa\u011f politika. Buna g\u00f6re, kom\u00fcnist partiler \u201cliberal kapitalist\u201d partilerle koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri kuracakt\u0131. Bu \u00e7izgi 1939\u2019daki Hitler-Stalin anla\u015fmas\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde yeniden de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlerde uygulamaya sokulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.)<\/strong> Emperyalist kamplar aras\u0131 gerginli\u011fin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sava\u015f tamtamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda, fa\u015fist Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Avusturya\u2019y\u0131 ilhak\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019ya dikmesi \u201cM\u00fcttefikleri\u201d korkutmu\u015f ve d\u00f6rt emperyalist \u00fclkenin \u2014Fransa, Almanya, \u0130ngiltere ve \u0130talya\u2014 liderleri M\u00fcnih\u2019te bir araya gelmi\u015flerdir. Bu toplant\u0131larda \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa, fa\u015fist Almanya\u2019y\u0131 dizginleyebilmek ad\u0131na, bir \u201csus pay\u0131\u201d olarak ona \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019y\u0131 sunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ne var ki, bu \u201cpay\u201d Alman emperyalizmini dizginlemek \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, daha yay\u0131lmac\u0131 ve c\u00fcretk\u00e2r bir hale gelmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden de Almanya ve SSCB\u2019nin Polonya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan \u0130kinci Emperyalist Sava\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu metin, IV. Enternasyonal ABD seksiyonu Sosyalist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin (SWP) 1939\u2019da New York\u2019ta yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal Kurulu\u015f Kongresi-Program ve Kararlar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131n Max Shachtman taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr. Duygu Yorganc\u0131 ve \u015eemsi Ayd\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda fa\u015fistlerin Almanya\u2019da iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmelerinin ard\u0131ndan, \u201cTro\u00e7kizm\u201d nedeniyle III. Enternasyonal\u2019den ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015f devrimcilerin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Uluslararas\u0131 Kom\u00fcnist Birlik (UKB) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":203,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[642],"tags":[257,258,261,260,259,262],"class_list":["post-202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enternasyonalizm","tag-dorduncu","tag-enternasyonal","tag-kararlari","tag-kongresi","tag-kurulus","tag-onsoz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=202"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":204,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/202\/revisions\/204"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}