{"id":1973,"date":"2020-08-27T13:08:24","date_gmt":"2020-08-27T10:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trockist.net\/?p=1973"},"modified":"2020-08-27T13:08:26","modified_gmt":"2020-08-27T10:08:26","slug":"leninin-hegel-defterlerinden-seckiler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2020\/08\/27\/leninin-hegel-defterlerinden-seckiler\/","title":{"rendered":"Lenin\u2019in Hegel defterlerinden se\u00e7kiler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyucular\u0131m\u0131zla, Alman filozof G. W. F. Hegel’in do\u011fumunun 250. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na, Vladimir \u0130. Lenin’in Hegel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bir se\u00e7ki payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk iki paragraf\u0131n yaz\u0131m tarihi Eyl\u00fcl-Aral\u0131k 1914\u2019t\u00fcr ve ilk kez 1929\u2019da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7kinin geri kalan\u0131 1915\u2019te yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ilk kez 1930\u2019da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> Vladimir \u0130. Lenin, Din ve Devrim<\/em>, Agora Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7eviri: Ferit Burak Aydar, Nisan 2016, syf. 151-154.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegel\u2019in \u201cMant\u0131k Bilimi\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

[\u2026] Kant\u2019\u0131n aksine, Hegel \u00f6z\u00fcnde<\/em> tamamen hakl\u0131d\u0131r. Somuttan soyuta ilerleyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce – do\u011fru<\/em> oldu\u011fu taktirde [NB] (Kant ise t\u00fcm filozoflar gibi do\u011fru d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden bahseder) hakikatten uzakla\u015fmaz, bilakis hakikate yakla\u015f\u0131r. Madde<\/em> soyutlamas\u0131, bir do\u011fa yasas\u0131<\/em> soyutlamas\u0131, de\u011fer<\/em> soyutlamas\u0131, vb., k\u0131sacas\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilimsel (do\u011fru ve ciddi, yani sa\u00e7ma olmayan) soyutlama do\u011fay\u0131 daha derinden, hakiki bir \u015fekilde ve eksiksiz<\/em> yans\u0131t\u0131r. Canl\u0131 alg\u0131dan soyut d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye ve bundan prati\u011fe<\/em>, i\u015fte hakikat<\/em> bili\u015finin, nesnel ger\u00e7eklik bili\u015finin diyalektik yolu budur. Kant tam da imana yer a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in bilgiyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmser; Hegel bilgiyi y\u00fcceltir, bilginin Tanr\u0131 bilgisi oldu\u011funu iddia eder; materyalist ise madde bilgisini, do\u011fa bilgisini y\u00fcceltir, Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 da Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 savunan felsefi s\u00fcpr\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc de \u00e7\u00f6p sepetine f\u0131rlat\u0131r. [\u2026]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMutlak \u0130dea\u201d \u00fczerine olan b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Tanr\u0131 hakk\u0131nda neredeyse tek bir kelime edilmiyor olmas\u0131 kayda de\u011fer (\u2018ilahi\u2019 bir \u2018mefhum\u2019un kazara s\u00fcr\u00e7\u00fcp geldi\u011fi \u00e7ok nadirdir) ve bunun haricinde (buna dikkat!<\/em>) \u00f6zel olarak idealist<\/em> olan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yok, aksine ana konusu diyalektik<\/em> y\u00f6ntem<\/strong>. Hegel\u2019in mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fcp dola\u015f\u0131p vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, son s\u00f6z\u00fc ve \u00f6z\u00fc diyalektik y\u00f6ntemdir<\/em>; bu son derece kayda de\u011fer. Ve bir \u015fey daha: Hegel\u2019in en idealist<\/em> eserlerinden biri olan burada idealizm asgari<\/em>, materyalizm azami d\u00fczeydedir<\/em>. \u2018\u00c7eli\u015fkili\u2019, ama ger\u00e7ek bu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegel\u2019in \u201cFelsefe Tarihi Dersleri\u2019nin\u201d \u00f6zeti<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

[\u2026] A\u011fz\u0131ndaki baklay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131<\/em>: \u201c\u0130skender\u2019in\u201d (Makedonya \u0130skender, Aristoteles\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6mezi) \u201cbir tanr\u0131 mertebesine y\u00fckseltilmesi \u2026 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil \u2026 Tanr\u0131 ile insan hi\u00e7 de \u00f6yle apayr\u0131 varl\u0131klar de\u011fildir\u2026\u201d (305) [(sadece tersine \u00e7evir) aynen \u00f6yle!]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegel, Aristoteles\u2019in idealizmini onun tanr\u0131 fikrinde alg\u0131lar. (326) (Elbette, bu idealizmdir, ama Platon\u2019un idealizminden daha nesnel ve daha uzak, daha geneldir<\/em>, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011fa felsefesinde daha s\u0131k olarak = materyalizmdir.)) [Platon\u2019un \u2018idea\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131n Aristoteles\u2019teki ele\u015ftirisini Hegel tam anlam\u0131yla karman \u00e7orman etmi\u015ftir.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Platon\u2019un \u2018idealar\u0131\u2019na Aristoteles\u2019in y\u00f6neltti\u011fi ele\u015ftiri genel anlamda idealizm olarak idealizm<\/em> ele\u015ftiridir; zira kavramlar\u0131n, soyutlamalar\u0131n t\u00fcretildi\u011fi yerden, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u2018yasa\u2019 ve \u2018zorunluluk\u2019 vb. de \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130dealist Hegel; Aristoteles\u2019in (Platon\u2019un idealar kavram\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirisinde) idealizmin temeline<\/em> kertik koymas\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fmekten \u00f6dlek\u00e7e ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. [N.B.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir<\/em> idealist bir ba\u015fka<\/em> idealistin idealizminin temellerini ele\u015ftirdi\u011finde, bundan kazan\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan her zaman materyalizmdir<\/em>. Kr\u015f. Platon\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 Aristoteles ve Kant\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 Hegel, vb. [N.B.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLeukippos ve Platon devinimin ezelden beri var oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerler, ama bu iddiaya hi\u00e7bir gerek\u00e7e sunmazlar\u201d (Aristoteles, Metafizik<\/em>, XII, 6 ve 7) s. 328. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece<\/em> Aristoteles materyalist Leukippos ve idealist Platon\u2019un kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131naa<\/em> ac\u0131nacak bir hareketle tanr\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Burada Aristoteles eklektik davran\u0131r. Ama Hegel gizemcilik<\/em> ad\u0131na bu zaaf\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rter<\/em>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diyalekti\u011fin destek\u00e7isi olan Hegel maddeden<\/em> devinime<\/em>, maddeden<\/em> bilince diyalektik<\/em> ge\u00e7i\u015fi, \u00f6zellikle de ikincisini anlayamaz. Marx bu gizemcinin hatas\u0131n\u0131 (yoksa zaaf\u0131 m\u0131 demeli?) d\u00fczeltmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece maddeden bilince ge\u00e7i\u015f de\u011fil, duyumdan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye, vb. ge\u00e7i\u015f de diyalektiktir. [N.B.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diyalektik ge\u00e7i\u015f ile diyalektik olmayan ge\u00e7i\u015f aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir? S\u0131\u00e7rama. \u00c7eli\u015fki. Tedricili\u011fin kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131. Varl\u0131k ile varl\u0131k-olmayan\u0131n birli\u011fi (\u00f6zde\u015fli\u011fi). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyucular\u0131m\u0131zla, Alman filozof G. W. F. Hegel’in do\u011fumunun 250. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na, Vladimir \u0130. Lenin’in Hegel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bir se\u00e7ki payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. \u0130lk iki paragraf\u0131n yaz\u0131m tarihi Eyl\u00fcl-Aral\u0131k 1914\u2019t\u00fcr ve ilk kez 1929\u2019da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7kinin geri kalan\u0131 1915\u2019te yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ilk kez 1930\u2019da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Kaynak: Vladimir \u0130. Lenin, Din ve Devrim, Agora Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7eviri: Ferit Burak Aydar, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":1974,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[706],"tags":[870,972,880,973,733,974],"class_list":["post-1973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-felsefe","tag-diyalektik","tag-g-w-f-hegel","tag-hegel","tag-hegel-defterleri","tag-lenin","tag-vladimir-ilyic-lenin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1973"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1973\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1975,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1973\/revisions\/1975"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}