S. Munier\u2019in “\u0130srail Raporu” olarak sundu\u011fu bu makalesi Ekim 1949\u2019da, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 yay\u0131n organ\u0131n\u0131n 10. cilt, 9. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0S. Munier, Gabriel Baer\u2019in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takma add\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce Yahudi devletinin kurulu\u015fundan bu yana Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen geli\u015fmeler, uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f kesimlerince benimsenmi\u015f olan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck yan\u0131lsamay\u0131 y\u0131kmak durumunda: 1.) antiemperyalist m\u00fccadele sonucunda yeni bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletin kurulmas\u0131yla, emperyalizm yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; (2.) Yahudi devletinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Arap \u00fclkelerindeki emek hareketi \u00fczerinde ilerici bir etkiye sahiptir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anglo-Amerikan emperyalizminin deste\u011fi olmasayd\u0131 \u0130srail Devleti\u2019nin kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn sosyalistlerin anlamas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer ABD\u2019nin Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) delegasyonu, Haiti, Filipinler gibi baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devletlerin delegasyonu \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 uygulamam\u0131\u015f ve onlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli r\u00fc\u015fvetlerle ayartmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131; ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130srail\u2019e para ve malzeme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na izin vermemi\u015f, ve b\u00f6ylece dolar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ekoslovak silahlar\u0131 almas\u0131n\u0131 olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131; kurulu\u015fundan daha birka\u00e7 saat sonra [\u0130srail devletini] tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olmasayd\u0131; \u0130ngiliz ordusu, yol boyunca Arap k\u00f6ylerinin zapt edilmesi ve bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 sayesinde [\u0130srail\u2019e] Kud\u00fcs yolunun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6z yummasayd\u0131 (2 Mart 1948\u2019de, \u0130ngiliz birlikleri, Bab al Wad\u2019daki bir Arap barikat\u0131n\u0131 yarmak amac\u0131yla Hagana<\/em>\u2019yla g\u00fc\u00e7 birli\u011fi yapt\u0131, daha sonra Nisan\u2019\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde yol boyunca patlak veren silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara herhangi bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunmad\u0131, sonra da 6 Nisan\u2019da kente ikmal trenlerinin girmesine izin verdiler, vb); Britanya ordusu 9 Ocak\u2019ta, Yukar\u0131 Galile\u2019deki Dan ve Kfar Szold Yahudi kolonilerini kurtarmaya ko\u015fmasayd\u0131; ve nihayet, BM\u2019nin Haziran 1948\u2019de dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ate\u015fkes Yahudi Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc a\u00e7l\u0131ktan ve askeri yenilgiden kurtarmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 \u2013 e\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeseydi, \u0130srail Devleti var olamazd\u0131<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Anglo-Amerikan emperyalizminin amac\u0131, Siyonizmin Filistin\u2019de 30 y\u0131ldan beri oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fc, bu kez bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak Ortado\u011fu\u2019da oynayacak bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yaratmakt\u0131. Bu, \u015fovenist nefret i\u00e7in bir odak olu\u015fturarak Ortado\u011fulu Arap kitlelerin anti-emperyalist m\u00fccadelesini \u0131rksal veya dinsel kanallara y\u00f6nlendirmeye hizmet edebilirdi. Ama ge\u00e7en y\u0131lki geli\u015fmelerin Araplar ve Yahudiler aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini (ya da belki daha do\u011fru bir ifadeyle, acizlik dengesini) alt\u00fcst etmesi ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Ortado\u011fu\u2019da y\u00fckselmekte olan emek hareketinin \u00fcstesinden gelecek bir y\u00f6nteme ihtiyac\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte, Yahudi Devleti ile onu \u00e7evreleyen Arap devletleri aras\u0131nda yeni bir denge olu\u015fturmak zorunlulu\u011fu do\u011fdu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yalpal\u0131yor g\u00f6r\u00fcnen politikas\u0131, ancak bu \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda anla\u015f\u0131labilir. BM Genel Kurulu, 29 Kas\u0131m 1947\u2019de Filistin\u2019in b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ve Yahudi Devletinin kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisini kabul etti. \u0130\u015faret verilmi\u015fti: Ertesi g\u00fcn Filistin\u2019de Araplar ile Yahudiler aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flad\u0131. Ama Arap \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7o\u011funda, plan\u0131n ilk a\u015famas\u0131nda baz\u0131 tersliklere rastland\u0131: kitle g\u00f6sterileri esas olarak, yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlere ve kurulu\u015flara, bu arada b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye verdi\u011fi destekten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne ve \u015eam\u2019da b\u00fcrolar\u0131 tahrip edilen Kom\u00fcnist Parti\u2019ye y\u00f6neldi. \u0130ngilizler sadece do\u011frudan y\u00f6netimleri alt\u0131nda olan yerlerde bu ayaklanmalar\u0131 Yahudi az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7evirmekte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldular; \u00f6rne\u011fin, Aden\u2019deki Britanya Kraliyet S\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi\u2019nde b\u00f6l\u00fcnme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6sterilerde 75 Yahudi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, pek \u00e7o\u011fu da yaraland\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 1948 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Filistinli Araplar ile Yahudiler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, Filistin \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde Yahudilerin askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Araplar\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yegane nedeni, Arap toplumunun genel olarak feodal bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmas\u0131 de\u011fil, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan duydu\u011fu korku alt\u0131nda, 1936-39\u2019dakine benzer herhangi bir kitle hareketinin geli\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek isteyen Arap \u00f6nderli\u011finin gerici niteli\u011fiydi. \u015eimdi soru \u015fuydu: \u00e7evre \u00fclkelerin Arap h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri m\u00fcdahalede bulunacaklar m\u0131yd\u0131? <\/p>\n\n\n\n 12 Ocak 1948\u2019de, Londra\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz diplomatik kaynaklar, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r, Irak ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019e \u201canla\u015fmalar\u201d dahilinde silah yard\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulad\u0131lar, ama bu devletlerin Filistin\u2019e m\u00fcdahale etmekteki azimleri ve yetenekleri hala \u00e7ok ku\u015fkuluydu. Kendilerini y\u00fcreklendirecek yeni bir geli\u015fmeye ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131, ve bu, Mart 1948\u2019de, b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi reddeden ve b\u00f6lgenin y\u00f6netiminin BM\u2019ye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunan Amerikan deklarasyonu bi\u00e7iminde geldi. Bu deklarasyon, BM ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n kendi kararlar\u0131n\u0131 bile yerine getirmekteki bariz \u00e7aresizli\u011fiyle de birle\u015fince, Ortado\u011fu devletlerini Siyonist \u00f6nderli\u011fi d\u0131\u015flayarak Anglo-Amerikan emperyalizminin b\u00f6lgedeki yegane temsilcileri olma konumunu elde etme gayretine itti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ne var ki i\u015fgal s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 15 May\u0131s\u2019tan sonra, \u00dcrd\u00fcn Arap Lejyonu\u2019nun Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn Yahudi kesimini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme tehlikesi do\u011fdu\u011fu ve M\u0131s\u0131r ordusu Tel Aviv yolu \u00fczerindeki g\u00fcney Yahudi yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir anda, ilk ate\u015fkes dayat\u0131larak Yahudilere ordular\u0131n\u0131 organize etmek, silah sat\u0131n almak ve Kud\u00fcs\u2019e ikmal temin etmek i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 s\u00fcre sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f oldu. Ate\u015fkesin amac\u0131 yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesi yaratmakt\u0131, yoksa Yahudilere Arap ordular\u0131 \u00fczerinde kesin bir zafer elde etmek i\u00e7in imkan sa\u011flamak de\u011fil. \u0130ngiliz subaylar Arap Lejyonu\u2019nda hizmet etmeye devam ettiler, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye ise Marshall Plan\u0131\u2019na dahil edilen \u00e7e\u015fitli Avrupa \u00fclkelerinden silah al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini korumak gere\u011fi ne zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ysa, hep yeni bir ate\u015fkes dayat\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunlar\u0131n sonuncusu ise, \u0130srail g\u00fc\u00e7leri M\u0131s\u0131r topraklar\u0131na girip bu \u00fclkenin Filistin\u2019deki t\u00fcm kuvvetlerini imha etme ve bunun sonucunda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ciddi sosyal alt\u00fcst olu\u015flara yol a\u00e7ma tehlikesi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kabul ettirildi. Bu arada do\u011fan Arap m\u00fcltecileri sorunu ve s\u0131n\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130srail ve Arap \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerginlikler, Amerikan diplomasisinin Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u201cbar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mesi ve Rodos\u2019ta \u201cs\u00fcrekli bir ate\u015fkes\u201d dayatmas\u0131 i\u00e7in zemin olu\u015fturdu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ne var ki, Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki Arap kitlelerini antiemperyalist m\u00fccadeleden sapt\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla \u0130srail Devleti\u2019nin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, Anglo-Amerikan emperyalizminin sava\u015ftan ve yeni g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinden elde etti\u011fi yegane kazan\u0131m de\u011fildi. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin stoklar\u0131n\u0131n ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckenmesiydi. Arap burjuvazisi \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, sava\u015f ekonomisinden yararlanarak t\u00fcm Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ve \u00f6zellikle M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirmi\u015f, \u0130ngiliz emperyalizmi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Economist<\/em>\u2019in de belirtti\u011fi gibi, \u0130ngiltere M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sterlin anla\u015fmas\u0131nda fazlas\u0131yla \u201cc\u00f6mert\u201d olmak zorundayd\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Sterlin blo\u011funu terk etmeye g\u00fcc\u00fc yetiyordu, Suriye\u2019nin de Frank blo\u011funu. Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemindeki boom<\/em>\u2019un (ekonomik canlanma) sona ermesindeki temel nedenler yayg\u0131n ekonomik e\u011filimler olsa da (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bu \u00fclkelere akmaya ba\u015flayan ithal mallar\u0131n\u0131n yeni kurulmu\u015f yerli sanayilerin \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle rekabet etmesi), Filistin\u2019deki sava\u015f, devlet kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin mali durumlar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 1946-47 mali y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonunda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n mali rezervi 70 milyon M\u0131s\u0131r pound\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki mali \u00e7evreler, Filistin sava\u015f\u0131 giderlerinin (rezervlerden kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyordu) 30 milyon pound civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin ediyorlar. Nisan 1949\u2019da, M\u0131s\u0131r parlamentosu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc sava\u015f harcamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in 8 milyon pound\u2019luk ek bir kaynak ay\u0131rmay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u201c5 y\u0131ll\u0131k plan\u201d i\u00e7in (tahminen y\u0131ll\u0131k 10 milyon pound) rezervlerden \u00e7ekilen parayla birlikte, bu kaynak 6-7 kat azalm\u0131\u015f, yani rezerv 10 milyon pound\u2019a inmi\u015f durumda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Filistin sava\u015f\u0131na ne kadar harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair rakamlar a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131, ancak bu sava\u015f sonucunda 1948-49 i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 milyon Irak dinar\u0131 olarak tahmin ediliyor (ola\u011fan savunma harcamas\u0131 olan 10 milyon dinar da eklendi\u011finde, normal b\u00fct\u00e7enin tamam\u0131 25 milyon dinar tutar\u0131nda). Irak\u2019ta sava\u015f, Arap Haber Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n belirtti\u011fi gibi, \u00fclkeyi \u201cekonomik kaos\u201dla tehdit eden bir mali krize neden oldu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Suriye\u2019nin rezervleri 1949\u2019dan \u00f6nce zaten t\u00fckenmi\u015fti. 1949-50 mali y\u0131l\u0131nda Suriye b\u00fct\u00e7esi 129 milyon Suriye poundu\u2019na e\u015fitti (tahminen 14.3 milyon \u0130ngiliz poundu). Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Suriye\u2019nin savunma harcamalar\u0131 39.5 milyon pounda sabitlendi, ayr\u0131ca 15 milyon pound i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in harcand\u0131. Fakat darbeden sonra yeni diktat\u00f6r, savunma b\u00fct\u00e7esini 70 milyon pound\u2019luk ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir tutara \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131, yani i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik harcamalar\u0131yla birlikte b\u00fct\u00e7enin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131na, % 65\u2019ine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00fcbnan da, askeri harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 muazzam derecede art\u0131rmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Filistin sava\u015f\u0131ndan \u00fcstlendi\u011fi as\u0131l y\u00fck, L\u00fcbnan b\u00fct\u00e7esinin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yutan Filistinli Arap m\u00fcltecilere yap\u0131lan harcamalard\u0131. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l boyunca \u00dcrd\u00fcn Arap Lejyonu\u2019nun harcamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen resmi rakamlar, 3.5 milyon pound idi. Bu harcamalar\u0131n gelecek y\u0131llar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7e gelirlerinden kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi; yoksul \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn bu y\u0131lki toplam b\u00fct\u00e7esi yaln\u0131zca 2.43 milyon pound. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ku\u015fkusuz Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki Arap h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri bu devasa harcamalar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc yoksul kitlelerin s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in ellerinden geleni yapt\u0131lar. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u00fclkelerin bir\u00e7o\u011funda, temel t\u00fcketim maddeleri \u00fczerine \u00f6zel vergiler kondu. Ama bunlar, Arap feodallerinin ve burjuvazisinin, Filistin\u2019deki politik maceras\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ya da \u0130srail\u2019le sava\u015f sonucunda devletlerinin \u015fiddetlenen mali hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunun sonucunda Ortado\u011fu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki emperyalist yay\u0131lman\u0131n eski g\u00fczel g\u00fcnlerini an\u0131msatan yeni bir uluslararas\u0131 \u2013 \u00e7o\u011fu Amerikan \u2013 yat\u0131r\u0131m ve bor\u00e7 dalgas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. International Bank\u2019tan \u00f6zel bir heyet Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu ziyaret etti; Amerikal\u0131 \u00e7evrelere g\u00f6re b\u00f6lge Afrika\u2019yla birlikte ABD mali yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli pazarlardan bir haline gelmi\u015f durumda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Yeni emperyalist geni\u015fleme listesinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen madde, ku\u015fkusuz petrol. Filistin sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Suriye\u2019de yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 durum, \u00fclkedeki egemen s\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131 sonunda petrol \u015firketlerinin imtiyazlar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131na ikna etti. Kitle seferberliklerinin ve Suriye parlamentosunun aylar s\u00fcren muhalefetine ra\u011fmen, May\u0131s 1949\u2019da Trans-Arap Boru Hatt\u0131 \u015eirketi\u2019yle anla\u015fma onayland\u0131. Amerikan ve \u0130ngiliz \u015firketlerine yeni petrol imtiyazlar\u0131 \u00f6nerilirken, onlar da Latakia liman\u0131nda ve F\u0131rat suyu projesinde yat\u0131r\u0131m f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Di\u011fer Amerikan petrol \u015firketleri h\u0131rsla S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n her iki yakas\u0131ndaki M\u0131s\u0131r petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Amerikan sermayesi bir yandan da Asvan yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki demir sanayisi ve Nil nehri iyile\u015ftirme projelerinin yarataca\u011f\u0131 olanaklar\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak, petrol\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bug\u00fcn as\u0131l yat\u0131r\u0131m kanal\u0131, ABD\u2019nin Import-Export Bank ve International Bank arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla verdi\u011fi devlet bor\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli kaynaklar, Irak\u2019\u0131n International Bank\u2019tan 48 milyon ile 100 milyon dolar aras\u0131 bor\u00e7 talep etti\u011fini bildiriyorlar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Britanya\u2019dan 15-20 milyon pound bor\u00e7 almak i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131yor. M\u0131s\u0131r gazetesi al Misri<\/em>\u2019nin haberine g\u00f6re M\u0131s\u0131r, International Bank\u2019tan 15 milyon pound bor\u00e7 talep etti. Sava\u015f ve yeni kitle g\u00f6\u00e7leri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, ekonomisi en az Arap \u00fclkeleri kadar t\u00fckenmi\u015f olan \u0130srail\u2019e, halihaz\u0131rda ABD taraf\u0131ndan 100 milyon dolar verilmi\u015f durumda. B\u00f6ylece Filistin sava\u015f\u0131, yeni emperyalist etki dalgas\u0131na vesile olan bir atmosfer yaratm\u0131\u015f durumda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bununla beraber, Arap \u00fclkelerinin burjuvazisi, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 boyunca kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc mevzilerin \u00e7o\u011funu kaybetti. M\u00fcttefiklerin askeri harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye birikimi, yabanc\u0131 mallarla rekabetin bulunmamas\u0131, ve genel olarak Britanya emperyalizminin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Arap burjuvazisinin pazarl\u0131k pozisyonunu muazzam derecede g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi; \u00f6zellikle de Britanya emperyalizmi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrecin i\u015faretlerinden biri, \u00f6rne\u011fin, 4 Kas\u0131m 1947\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren M\u0131s\u0131r \u015eirketler Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu yasaya g\u00f6re, herhangi bir M\u0131s\u0131r anonim \u015firketinin y\u00f6neticilerinin y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 olmak durumunda; M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015fverenlerin oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 75\u2019ten ve toplam \u00fccretleri de y\u00fczde 65\u2019ten az olamayacak; \u00f6te yandan, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin toplam\u0131 y\u00fczde 90\u2019dan ve toplam \u00fccretleri de y\u00fczde 80\u2019den az olmayacak. Firmalara, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan oran\u0131n\u0131 belirtilen d\u00fczeye getirmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcre tan\u0131nd\u0131. Dahas\u0131, yeni anonim \u015firketlerin ve yeni sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n hisselerinin en az y\u00fczde 51\u2019i, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar i\u00e7in tahsis edilecek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak, ilk g\u00fc\u00e7 denemesi M\u0131s\u0131r burjuvazisinin yeni yasay\u0131 uygulamaktaki acizli\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 \u015eirketi yasaya meydan okudu\u011funda, bu \u015firket ve M\u0131s\u0131r h\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda 7 Mart 1949\u2019da \u00f6zel bir anla\u015fma imzaland\u0131. Bu anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re M\u0131s\u0131r, y\u00f6netim kurulunda 11 yerine yaln\u0131zca 5 koltuk elde ediyor (\u015fu anda 32 y\u00f6neticinin yaln\u0131zca ikisi M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131) ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7in de\u011fil tam 15 y\u0131l boyunca ge\u00e7erli olacak! \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinden genel hatlar\u0131yla s\u00f6z ediliyor; bir zaman s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 belirtilmeksizin, y\u00fczdeler yaln\u0131zca yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in ayarlan\u0131yor. Anla\u015fmada, yeni sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n hisseleri hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylenmiyor. ABD\u2019nin eski M\u0131s\u0131r B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Bay Tuck, S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 \u015eirketi\u2019nin Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00fcyesi haline geldi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6ylece yerli burjuvazi, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ulusal ekonomi i\u00e7in gereken dayanaklar\u0131 yaratma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir ciddi hamle yapamazken, yabanc\u0131 sermayenin M\u0131s\u0131r ve di\u011fer Ortado\u011fu \u015firketleri \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011fi ge\u00e7en y\u0131l boyunca a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Filistin sava\u015f\u0131 emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin b\u00f6lgede yeni bir ekonomik n\u00fcfuza sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, politik mevzilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmelerine de yard\u0131m etti. Genel \u015fovenizm dalgas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Arap kitlelerin anti-emperyalist ruh halini bu \u00fclkelerdeki Yahudi ve di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klara y\u00f6nlendirmede son derece kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olan bu sava\u015f taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131ld\u0131. Irak\u2019ta Yahudilerin as\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7anlar\u0131n idam cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131; Suriye\u2019de, \u015eaml\u0131 ve Halepli Yahudi topluluklara i\u015fkence uygulanmas\u0131; pek \u00e7ok M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 Yahudinin toplama kamplar\u0131na kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve m\u00fclklerine el konmas\u0131 \u2013 b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar emperyalizme politik planlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in uygun bir atmosfer yaratt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Eyl\u00fcl 1947\u2019de BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nin M\u0131s\u0131r sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmekte yetersiz kalmas\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r Ordusu Fabrikas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6sterilere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama bir y\u0131l sonra, Ekim 1948\u2019de Britanya \u201culuslararas\u0131 durum g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u201d taahh\u00fctlerine uygun olarak M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan birliklerini \u00e7ekmeye haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti\u011finde, arkas\u0131ndan herhangi bir tepki gelmedi. Aksine, askeri diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckle M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 y\u00f6neten feodal klik, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu zaman boyunca, kitlelerin deste\u011fini onlar\u0131n sosyal durumlar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme veya M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 emperyalizmin boyunduru\u011fundan kurtarma vaatleriyle kazanmaya dahi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan (b\u00f6ylesi vaatleri burjuva Wafd Partisi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131) iktidar\u0131 elinde tutmay\u0131 becerdi. Bunun yerine kitlelerin dikkati, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan az\u0131nl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lara y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015fti. Bu t\u00fcr durumlarda h\u00fck\u00fcmet, ciddi devrim tehlikesinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n imzalayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bevin-S\u0131tk\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131rmaktan dahi s\u00f6z edebiliyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ama \u0130ngiliz emperyalizminin as\u0131l darbeyi vurdu\u011fu yer daha g\u00fcneydeydi. Filistin sava\u015f\u0131 bahanesiyle \u0130ngiltere, Sudan\u2019\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan nihai ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve Sudan\u2019da \u0130ngiliz Vali taraf\u0131ndan saptanm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130ngiltere yanl\u0131s\u0131 kabile \u015feflerinden meydana gelen s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona bir \u201cYasama Meclisi\u201d kurudu. \u201cMeclis\u201d, Vali taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn ad\u0131mlar\u0131, ex post facto<\/em>, kabul etmekten ba\u015fka herhangi bir g\u00fc\u00e7ten yoksun; b\u00fct\u00e7ede de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6nerisi yapmas\u0131na bile imkan verilmiyor. Bu s\u00f6zde meclis i\u00e7in 1948\u2019de \u201dse\u00e7im\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da daha sonra 1949\u2019da ilk toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sadece bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet protestosu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131r herhangi bir giri\u015fimde bulunmad\u0131. Bu arada M\u0131s\u0131r burjuvazisi Sudan\u2019da baz\u0131 hisselere sahip olabilmek amac\u0131yla \u0130ngiltere ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131yordu. M\u0131s\u0131r burjuvazisi, son aylarda iyice g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f olan Sudan anti-emperyalist hareketinin M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmas\u0131ndan korkuyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l boyunca benzer bir geli\u015fme Irak\u2019ta da cereyan etti. Sadece bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Ocak 1948\u2019de, Britanya\u2019n\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in Irak\u2019\u0131 bir askeri \u00fcs olarak kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 onaylayan Bevin ve Britanya yanl\u0131s\u0131 Irak ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Saleh Cebr aras\u0131nda imzalanan Porsmouth Antla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler ve \u00f6\u011frenciler taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck kitle g\u00f6sterileriyle protesto edildi. Bir hafta sonra, g\u00f6steriler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Irak kral\u0131, anla\u015fman\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmak zorunda kald\u0131, ve \u015fiddetli kitle hareketleriyle ge\u00e7en bir ba\u015fka hafta, Saleh Cebr\u2019i istifa etmek ve \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7mak zorunda b\u0131rakt\u0131. Mart 1948\u2019de sonu\u00e7lanan Britanya-\u00dcrd\u00fcn \u0130ttifak Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 da yeni g\u00f6steriler patlak verdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ama, Filistin\u2019deki bir y\u0131ll\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye bu durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirerek Irak politikas\u0131nda tekrar egemen hale gelmesinde yeterli oldu. Ekim 1948\u2019den itibaren, aralar\u0131nda savunma bakan\u0131 olarak Porsmouth Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalayan \u015eakir Al-Wadi\u2019nin da bulundu\u011fu \u0130ngiltere yanl\u0131s\u0131 Irakl\u0131 politikac\u0131lar birer birer Irak kabinesine girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u015eu anda yeni g\u00f6steriler vah\u015fice bast\u0131r\u0131lmakta. S\u00fcre\u00e7, \u0130ngiltere emperyalizminin Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki kusursuz temsilcisi Nuri Said Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 6 Ocak 1949\u2019da ba\u015fbakan se\u00e7ilmesiyle doru\u011funa ula\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l boyunca M\u0131s\u0131r ve Irak\u2019ta olaylar, Arap Do\u011fu\u2019nun feodal ve burjuva s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n, emperyalist yard\u0131m ve deste\u011fe ne kadar ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6steriyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Filistin sava\u015f\u0131, bu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n emperyalizmle ittifaka ne denli gereksinim duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 yeterince g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. \u015eu ana kadarki olaylar yaln\u0131zca bu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n \u00fclkelerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 verilecek herhangi bir m\u00fccadeleye \u00f6nderlik etmekteki yeteneksizliklerini g\u00f6stermekle kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki yayg\u0131n feodal ataerkil e\u011filimlerin hakk\u0131ndan gelmedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn iktidars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi. \u0130ngiliz emperyalizmi taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lan ve ba\u015fl\u0131ca amac\u0131 Ortado\u011fulu kitlelerin dikkatini Filistin sorunu \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmak olan Arap Birli\u011fi, Filistin sava\u015f\u0131nda askeri operasyonlar\u0131 koordine etmeye dahi muktedir de\u011fildi. Sonunda her cephe ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve M\u0131s\u0131r ile Ha\u015fimi blo\u011fu aras\u0131nda geni\u015f \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Dahas\u0131, son bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi tamamen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti; s\u0131n\u0131rlar kapat\u0131ld\u0131 ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck duvarlar\u0131 dikildi, Suriye frank blo\u011funu terk ederken, L\u00fcbnan bu blokta kalmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc (Bu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda, ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik eden Frans\u0131z egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde bile, ekonomik birli\u011fin her zaman korundu\u011fu hat\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r). E\u011fer yeni c\u00fcce devlet \u0130srail\u2019in kurulu\u015funu da eklersek, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Balkanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 tablosu tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olur. Emperyalizm bir yandan Arap \u00fclkelerinin i\u015f\u00e7i hareketleri aras\u0131nda temas\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, di\u011fer yandan da ihtiyaca g\u00f6re yeni bloklar yaratmak i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar in\u015fa etmekte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ge\u00e7en y\u0131lki s\u00fcre\u00e7te, yani May\u0131s 1948\u2019den May\u0131s 1949\u2019a de\u011fin Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki Arap i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin durgunluk d\u00f6nemine girdi\u011fini reddetmek anlams\u0131z olur. Belki Arap devletlerinin \u00e7eperinde yer alan ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sendikalar\u0131n olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n anti-emperyalist hareketin politik m\u00fccadelesine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sudan veya Arap \u00fclkeleriyle ve Filistin sava\u015f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 olan K\u0131br\u0131s bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulabilir. Bu durgunluk, \u0130srail\u2019in yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, sava\u015f ve bununla ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fovenist atmosfer a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Bununla beraber, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Arap i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 belirleyici bir sava\u015fta yenilgiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f de\u011fildi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ge\u00e7en y\u0131lki olaylar\u0131ndan ders \u00e7\u0131karma yetene\u011fine halen sahip. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bununla birlikte, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ciddi bir yenilgisiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek geli\u015fmelerin oldu\u011fu yer bizzat Filistin\u2019in kendisi. Araplar\u0131n, Filistin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n merkezi olan Hayfa (petrol ra nerileri, demiryolu imalathaneleri, vs.), Yafa ve di\u011fer k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi b\u00f6lgelerden toplu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, Filistinli Arap i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toptan imhas\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirdi (bu arada, Filistin Arap toplumundaki kapitalist geli\u015fimin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn imhas\u0131yla birlikte). Yahudilerin, 1946 bahar\u0131nda Hayfa\u2019daki kamu i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck grevi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, ya da 1947 ba\u015flar\u0131nda petrol rafinerilerindeki grev boyunca Arap i\u015f\u00e7ilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmas\u0131, b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir \u00f6neme sahip olmu\u015ftu. Emperyalizm taraf\u0131ndan Yahudi ve Arap i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131na \u00f6r\u00fclen engeller olan Siyonizm ve Arap gericili\u011fi, bu grevler s\u0131ras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi zaman zaman y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ama \u015fimdi sava\u015f halindeki ya da en az\u0131ndan birbirine has\u0131m devletler aras\u0131na dikilen politik hudutlar sayesinde yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f ve Yahudi ve Arap i\u015f\u00e7ileri fiziksel temastan yoksun k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Filistin sava\u015f\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun di\u011fer \u00fclkelerinde de izlerini b\u0131rakt\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi, \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve \u00d6\u011frenci Komitesinin, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne Kahire ve \u0130skenderiye sokaklar\u0131na h\u00fckmetti\u011fi 1946 \u015eubat\u0131\u2019ndaki doru\u011funa, bir daha hi\u00e7 ula\u015famad\u0131. Gene de yeni b\u00fcy\u00fck grevler ve m\u00fccadeleler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecekti. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Eyl\u00fcl 1947\u2019de Mehalla al- Kubra\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k 30,000 i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck tekstil fabrikas\u0131nda grev ilan edildi. Grev s\u0131ras\u0131nda polisle silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ama, 5 Nisan 1948\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesini talebiyle greve giden, bu kez bizzat g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri oldu. \u0130skenderiye\u2019deki grevde, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc silahl\u0131 binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 terk etti ve grevdeki polislere kat\u0131larak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6steri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildikten sonra, M\u0131s\u0131r ordusunun d\u00fczeni yeniden tesis etmesi iki g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131. Grev, petrol \u015firketlerinde, tekstil ve \u015feker fabrikalar\u0131nda ve ula\u015f\u0131m \u015firketlerinde (S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 \u015eirketi) Mart ve Nisan 1948\u2019de patlak veren bir dizi grev ve ihtilaf\u0131n doruk noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ama bir ay sonra, May\u0131s 1948\u2019de, Filistin\u2019e sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildi. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sendikal faaliyete kar\u015f\u0131 yeni bir s\u00fcrek av\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131 ve bunu, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve solcu ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131 izledi. Kom\u00fcnist olarak saptananlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in devasa toplama kamplar\u0131 in\u015fa edildi; uzun \u00f6l\u00fcm listeleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc canilerin kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 al-Tor kamp\u0131 da bunlardan biriydi. B\u00f6ylece Filistin sava\u015f\u0131, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygulanan polis bask\u0131s\u0131 ve May\u0131s 1949\u2019da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra bir daha uzat\u0131lan s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim sayesinde, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sendikal ve politik faaliyetinde durgunlu\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Dahas\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 kitleleri daima kom\u00fcnizmi M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ya\u015fayan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n hareketi oldu\u011funa inand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan M\u0131s\u0131r h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131, \u015fimdi de kom\u00fcnizm ile \u0130srail ve Siyonist casusluk \u00f6rg\u00fctleri aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmaya giri\u015fmi\u015f durumda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Yine de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin aksine, kitlelerin dikkatini Filistin sava\u015f\u0131 ve Siyonist tehlike \u00fczerinde toplama giri\u015fimi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. M\u0131s\u0131r i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n gelecek m\u00fccadeleleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bu olgu, bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc emek hareketinin, Stalinist sendika \u00f6nderlerinin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleleri ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleri aras\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu \u00e7ap\u0131nda e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm sa\u011flamaktan yoksun olduklar\u0131 di\u011fer Arap \u00fclkelerindeki i\u015f\u00e7i hareketine belirli bir mesafede durmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Suriye ve Irak\u2019ta da, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve emek hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferileri d\u00fczenlendi. Devletle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmayan b\u00fct\u00fcn sendikalar ac\u0131mas\u0131zca bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00f6nderlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu tutukland\u0131. BM\u2019nin, Filistin\u2019in b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi karar\u0131ndan iki hafta sonra, (Stalinist) Suriye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi yasakland\u0131. Bunu, Irak\u2019taki illegal Stalinist \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn bir dizi \u00f6nderinin ve \u00fcyesinin idam\u0131 izledi. Hatta, Stalinistlere daha geni\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 L\u00fcbnan\u2019da bile, D\u00fcnya Sendikalar Konfederasyonu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 Ortado\u011fu sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n temsilcisi Mustafa al-Aris, 19 Kas\u0131m 1948\u2019de tutukland\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bununla birlikte, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 polis bask\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle yaln\u0131zca faaliyetinde bir durgunlu\u011fa maruz kal\u0131rken, Suriye ve Irak\u2019ta emek hareketi \u00f6nemli bir moral gerilemeye u\u011frad\u0131. Bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenlerinden biri, Sovyet b\u00fcrokrasisinin BM\u2019nin Filistin\u2019in b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi karar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemesiydi. Suriye egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131, b\u00f6l\u00fcnme karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131ktan bir g\u00fcn sonra, 1 Kas\u0131m 1947\u2019de, b\u00f6l\u00fcnme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6stericileri, Stalinistlerin \u015eam\u2019daki genel merkezine sald\u0131rtmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. B\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin daima en ate\u015fli muhalifleri olan ve bunu hakl\u0131 olarak Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik emperyalist planla ili\u015fkilendiren (b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin B\u00fcy\u00fck Suriye Plan\u0131\u2019yla olan ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na i\u015faret ederek), Suriye ve Irakl\u0131 Stalinistler, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n tutumu nedeniyle politikalar\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc 180 derecelik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinden birini daha yaparak muhalefetlerine bir gecede son verdiler. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Stalinistler, Irak, Suriye ve Filistin\u2019de b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve Siyonizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele amac\u0131yla feodal ve \u015fovenist partilerle ortak komiteler kurmakla me\u015fgullerdi. B\u00f6ylece Suriye ve Irakl\u0131 egemen gerici h\u00fck\u00fcmetler i\u00e7in kitlelerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde kom\u00fcnizmi Siyonizmle bir tutmak \u00e7ok zor olmad\u0131, ve polis bask\u0131s\u0131na bir de bu moral yenilgi eklenmi\u015f oldu. Stalinizm, Suriye, L\u00fcbnan, Irak ve Filistin\u2019in Arap b\u00f6lgelerinde egemen s\u0131n\u0131f gericili\u011finin sa ar\u0131na iltica eden pek \u00e7ok \u00f6nderini yitirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Dahas\u0131, Suriye ve Irak\u2019ta emperyalizmin egemen feodal temsilcileri, \u015fovenist zehirlerini kent merkezlerinin politik a\u00e7\u0131dan bilin\u00e7li kitlelerine bula\u015ft\u0131rmada belirli bir oranda ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131lar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130ngiltere yanl\u0131s\u0131 politikac\u0131lar\u0131n Irak kabinesine yeniden giri\u015fini k\u0131nayan Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki g\u00f6sterilerde, Irak ordusunun Filistin maceras\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir muhalif ses \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131; ama buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu e\u011filimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir etken de, Filistin sava\u015f\u0131nda Suriye ve Irak ordusunun, M\u0131s\u0131r ordusu gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yenilgiye u\u011framamas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu nedenle, Suriye ve Irak i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin kurtulu\u015fu, belki de, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dakinden daha zor ve ac\u0131l\u0131 olacak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da son iki y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen geli\u015fmeler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki Stalinist partilerin kaderi, ve bu partilerin politikalar\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki \u00e7e\u015fitli politik e\u011filimler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tutum de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sapmalar, Arap \u00fclkelerinde on be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcredir izlenen Stalinist program\u0131n toptan i as\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f durumda. Stalinistler, d\u00fcnya politikalar\u0131yla uyumlu olarak, Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki Arap \u00fclkelerinde herhangi bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 politikas\u0131ndan dikkatle uzak durdular, feodal ve milliyet\u00e7i burjuva \u00f6nderleri g\u00f6klere \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar, onlarla \u201chalk cepheleri\u201d olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve \u201culusal birlik\u201d vaaz ettiler. Arap Stalinistlerinin programlar\u0131ndan sosyalizmi nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131na, hatta feodal m\u00fclklerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 talebinden bile nas\u0131l vazge\u00e7tiklerine, \u201culusal \u015firketlerde\u201d grevlere nas\u0131l muhalefet ettiklerine, \u201culusal birliki\u201d nas\u0131l ba\u015fl\u0131ca ama\u00e7lar\u0131 haline getirdiklerine kitaplar dolusu \u00f6rnekler verilebilir. Bu nedenle, Arap Stalinistlerinin Ortado\u011fu\u2019da emperyalizmin Filistin sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma plan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olan iki g\u00fc\u00e7 (Filistin Arap \u00f6nderli\u011fi ve Arap Birli\u011fi) kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumuna de\u011finmekle yetinece\u011fiz.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gerici feodal Filistinli Arap \u00f6nderli\u011fini Stalinist \u00f6rg\u00fctle bir \u201culusal birlik\u201d ittifak\u0131na (Ulusal \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Birlik) ikna etme giri\u015fimi, Filistinli Arap Stalinistlerinin politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00e7izgisiydi (Bu s\u0131rada Yahudi Stalinistler, Siyonist mavi-beyaz bayra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda ayr\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini, \u201cFilistin Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u201dni muhafaza ettiler). Mufti\u2019nin \u201cArap Parti\u201dsi, sava\u015ftan sonra faaliyetlerini resm\u00ee olarak yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131nca, Stalinist \u201cBirlik\u201din sekreteri, onlara \u015fu telgraf\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi: \u201cFilistin\u2019de Ulusal \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Birlik, sizlere ulusal partinizin faaliyetlerini yeniden ba\u015flatma karar\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc tebriklerini iletmektedir; inan\u0131yoruz ki bu karar, aziz vatan\u0131m\u0131za hizmet eden birle\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131nda hepimize yard\u0131m edecektir.\u201d (Al-Ittihad<\/em>, No.1)\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak, Mufti\u2019nin partisine haks\u0131zl\u0131k etmemek i\u00e7in, Stalinistlerin, Filistin\u2019de feodal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n di\u011fer en gerici s\u00f6zc\u00fclerini desteklediklerini de belirtmeliyiz. Arap Birli\u011fi\u2019nin olu\u015fumu i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalarda, Filistinli Araplar\u0131n temsilcisi olarak ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en (daha sonralar\u0131, Mufti\u2019nin partisinden bir par\u00e7a daha kentsel muhalefetin lideri olacak) Mussa al-Allami i\u00e7in, Stalinist yay\u0131n organ\u0131 \u015funlar\u0131 yazd\u0131: \u201cFilistin Arap halk\u0131, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde kendisini temsil etmek \u00fczere Mussa al-Alami\u2019nin se\u00e7ilmesini, Filistin\u2019de ulusal birli\u011fe do\u011fru at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ilk ad\u0131m, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ad\u0131m olarak kabul etmektedir.\u201d <\/em>(Al-Ittihad<\/em>, No.21.) (Bug\u00fcn al-Alami, Britanya\u2019n\u0131n ve Kral Abdullah\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131yor \u2013 S.M.)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Stalinistlerin Arap Birli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumu bundan daha iyi de\u011fildi. Birli\u011fin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 Stalinistler, yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 al-Fagr al-Gadid<\/em>\u2019in 16 May\u0131s 1945 tarihli bask\u0131s\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle diyorlard\u0131:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Arap Birli\u011fi… i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz d\u00f6nemin egemen d\u00fcnya e\u011filimi olan, fa\u015fist emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede destek olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r… Arap Birli\u011fi, \u00fcyelerinin ulusal egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlam\u0131yor. O bu haklar\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131yor, onlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor ve herhangi bir ihlal kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda onlar\u0131 savunuyor. Dahas\u0131, \u00fcye uluslar\u0131n, ulusal haklar\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmesi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in olan umutlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Arap Birli\u011fi\u2019nin, genel uluslararas\u0131 durum ile Arap ulusal sorununu ili\u015fkilendirme \u00fczerine kurulu politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ve tarihin halklar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn elde edilmesi ve ulusal haklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilerledi\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, hede erine ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin hi\u00e7bir ku\u015fku s\u00f6z konusu olamaz…”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6yle bir politikayla, Ortado\u011fulu Stalinistlerin, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 sava\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik emperyalist plan\u0131 uygulamaktan sorumlu Arap \u00f6nderlerin prestijini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmede, pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feni yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin hi\u00e7bir ku\u015fku s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Rus d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131ndaki tav\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle, Arap Stalinistleri de derhal y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler. Nisan 1949\u2019un ba\u015flar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan ve \u00e7e\u015fitli Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin Stalinist partileri taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan bir bro\u015f\u00fcrde, \u015f\u00f6yle deniyor: \u201cFilistin sava\u015f\u0131, \u2018Arap Birli\u011fi\u2019nin, Arap halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen ihanetlerin ve entrikalar\u0131n labirentinde emperyalizmin elinde bir ara\u00e7tan ibaret oldu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir bi\u00e7imde kan\u0131tlad\u0131.\u201d \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki, Arap Birli\u011fi, her \u015feyden \u00e7ok Stalinist yan\u0131lsamalara ihanet etti. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ayn\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcrde, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re hen\u00fcz yeni yan\u0131lsamalara ihanet edecek yeni bir ortak se\u00e7ilmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte, h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u201culusal birlik\u201dten ve bir \u201chalk cephesi\u201dnden dem vuruyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Filistin\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f daha da keskindi. Mufti\u2019nin partisini ve Mussa al-Alami\u2019yi selamlayan ayn\u0131 Arap Stalinistleri, \u015fimdi Yahudi Stalinistleriyle \u2013 \u0130srail Devleti\u2019nin i\u00e7inde \u2013 birle\u015ftiler ve bu devletin kurulu\u015funu \u00f6vmede ve selamlamada onlara kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Yahudi parlamentosu se\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in ortak programlar\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ba\u015fl\u0131yor: \u201cZul\u00fcmden kurtulup \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe kavu\u015ftuk!\u201d <\/em>Tek eksik, resmi politikalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a inkar etmeyi\u015fleriydi. Ama buna \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden, Eyl\u00fcl 1948\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Neden Filistin\u2019de bir Arap Devleti i\u00e7in Sava\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z <\/em>(b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyle ilgili BM karar\u0131yla uyum i\u00e7inde) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Arap\u00e7a bir bro\u015f\u00fcrde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulundu:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Ulusal birlik politikam\u0131zdaki hatalar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden (Filistin\u2019de Arap toplumunun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 felaketin) sorumlulu\u011funda bizim de pay\u0131m\u0131z var. Ulusal hareketin \u00f6nderli\u011fi ile samimi ulusal \u00f6\u011felerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayacak b\u00fct\u00fcnsel bir ulusal birlik talebimiz, ger\u00e7ekte bu \u00f6nderli\u011fin ihanetine bir k\u0131l\u0131f olu\u015fturuyordu. G\u00f6revimiz, bu \u00f6nderli\u011fin ger\u00e7ek niteli\u011fini kitlelilerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde kesin bir bi\u00e7imde ve cesaretle a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurarak onu halk\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve i\u011fren\u00e7 cinayetlerini i\u015flemesine engel olmak olmal\u0131yd\u0131.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Ne kadar do\u011fru, ama ne kadar gecikmi\u015f bir tespit! Bununla birlikte, ihanete u\u011fram\u0131\u015f eski a\u015f\u0131k maceras\u0131, bir yenisi i\u00e7in son buluyor \u2013bunun i\u015faretleri \u015fimdiden g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir durumda. \u0130srail ordusu Aral\u0131k 1948\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki Abu-Ageila k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irince, M\u0131s\u0131r ordusu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilen Hebron, Gazze ve di\u011fer yerlerden getirilmi\u015f Arap Stalinistleriyle dolu bir M\u0131s\u0131r toplama kamp\u0131na rastlad\u0131. Sava\u015fa muhalefet etmeleri nedeniyle tutuklanm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmad\u0131lar, ama bu kez \u0130srail\u2019deki bir toplama kamp\u0131na aktar\u0131ld\u0131lar; hala da orada bulunuyorlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fumuz gibi, Filistin sava\u015f\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Balkanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yolunda at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ileri ad\u0131md\u0131. Anglo-Amerikan emperyalizmi, her bir devletle ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131, ekonomik ve politik planlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in en kolay yoldan anla\u015fabilece\u011fi bir durum yaratmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Sava\u015f Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki Arap i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat sa\u011flad\u0131 ve Stalinist siyaset, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin cesaretini k\u0131rmada pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feni yapt\u0131. \u015eimdi, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da devrimci kom\u00fcnist hareketin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki soru \u015fudur: Yak\u0131n gelecekte Ortado\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in olas\u0131l\u0131klar nelerdir? <\/p>\n\n\n\n Her tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 gibi Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki son geli\u015fmeler de, diyalektik kar\u015f\u0131t etkilerden muaf de\u011fil. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu ile Avrupa ve Amerika aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n yeniden kurulmas\u0131, sava\u015f boyunca geli\u015fmi\u015f yerli sanayilerde dikkate de\u011fer krizlere neden oldu. Suriye \u015fiddetli i\u015fsizlikten muzdarip durumda; M\u0131s\u0131r sanayisi ise (\u00f6zellikle tekstil) i\u00e7 pazar yoklu\u011fu nedeniyle tehdit alt\u0131nda ve ihracata ve yabanc\u0131 mallarla rekabete ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bununla birlikte, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca yerler daima yabanc\u0131 sermaye \u015firketleri olmu\u015ftur. Yabanc\u0131 sermayenin, \u00f6zellikle de Amerikan sermayesinin yeni yat\u0131r\u0131m hamleleri (petrol, kalk\u0131nma planlar\u0131, vb.), i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin yeni b\u00fcy\u00fck yo\u011funla\u015fmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ve planlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn bir Ortado\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde olmas\u0131, Arap i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli Arap \u00fclkelerindeki m\u00fccadeleleri koordine etme g\u00f6reviyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakacakt\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkelerde, emperyalizm taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fan tek grevin, Ortado\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Irak Petrol \u015eirketi\u2019ndeki grev oldu\u011funa dikkat edilmelidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ayn\u0131 zamanda, Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin arz ve pazarlamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 zorluklar, emperyalist b\u00f6l\u00fcnme y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Ortado\u011fu kitlelerinin maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r. Ku\u015fkusuz, yeni d\u00fcnya ekonomik bunal\u0131mlar\u0131 durumunda, Ortado\u011fulu kitleler i\u00e7in bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 bir felakete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Politik a\u00e7\u0131dan da, Filistin sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lanlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayacakt\u0131r. \u015eovenizmin g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi, s\u00fcrekli bir gerilim halinin yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun eskisinden de fazla b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f durumda oldu\u011fu do\u011frudur. Ama Filistin sava\u015f\u0131yla bir \u015fey kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Ortado\u011fu burjuvazisinin ve feodal \u015fe erinin emperyalizme t\u00fcmden ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir m\u00fccadeleyi bile y\u00f6netmedeki iktidars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 ve Filistin sava\u015f\u0131nda \u015fovenizmi k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma ad\u0131na bile olsa, b\u00f6lgecilikten ve cemaat\u00e7ilikten kurtulmaktan aciz olduklar\u0131. Dahas\u0131, askeri yenilginin ve bir bu\u00e7uk milyondan fazla Arap m\u00fcltecinin olu\u015fumundaki sorumlulu\u011fu (ku\u015fkusuz, \u0130ngiliz emperyalizmi ve Deir Yassin, Lydda, Galile ve di\u011fer yerlerdeki Siyonist katliamlarca payla\u015f\u0131lan), feodal ve burjuva Arap \u00f6nderli\u011finin politik n\u00fcfuzunu ve prestijini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sarsm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ama bu, otomatik olarak Arap kitlelerinin devrimcile\u015fecekleri anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Kitlelerin hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilerici s\u0131n\u0131f kanallar\u0131na y\u00f6neltebilecek bir devrimci kom\u00fcnist \u00f6nderlik olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, dinci fanatikler ya da askeri \u201ckahramanlar\u201d onlar\u0131, Kahire, \u0130skenderiye, Halep, Beyrut ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n gecekondu semtlerinin l\u00fcmpen proletaryas\u0131 ve kent k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazisiyle birlikte \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 nefret ve cemaat\u00e7\u0131 ayaklanmalar do\u011frultusunda y\u00f6nlendireceklerdir. Ama bir \u015fey a\u00e7\u0131k: Stalinist \u201culusal birlik\u201d ve \u201chalk cephesi\u201d manevralar\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131 daralm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ortado\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn ilk ve en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revi, sendikalar\u0131n ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebi u\u011fruna m\u00fccadeledir. Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki Tro\u00e7kist gruplar\u0131n u\u011frunda m\u00fccadele etmeleri gereken ba\u015fl\u0131ca hedef, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n emperyalist s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki birli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Eski slogan\u0131m\u0131z \u2013T\u00fcm Ortado\u011fu Sendikalar\u0131 Kongresi\u2013 bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erli olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bug\u00fcn daha fazla \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bug\u00fcn, Filistin sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n deneyiminden sonra, Ortado\u011fulu baz\u0131 Stalinist sendika \u00f6nderlerinin, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gibi egemen s\u0131n\u0131flarla utan\u00e7 verici ili\u015fkilerini koruyabilmek ad\u0131na, bu birle\u015fmeyi sabote etmeleri daha da zor olacakt\u0131r (D\u00fcnya Sendikalar Konfederasyonu\u2019nun -DSK- Stalinist temsilci Mustafa al-Aris\u2019e, DSK \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00fczenlenecek bir Ortado\u011fu \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Kongresi\u2019ne neden kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu soruldu\u011funda, bu durumda Yahudi Histadrut\u2019u da \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti, ve bu tam da yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feydi.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ortado\u011fu \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Kongresi, cemaat\u00e7ili\u011fin ve \u015fovenizmin \u00fcstesinden gelmek ve farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki m\u00fccadeleyi koordine etmek i\u00e7in en iyi ara\u00e7 olurdu. Enternasyonalist bir politika temelinde, Yahudi i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayacak \u015fekilde, az\u0131nl\u0131k halklar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na da \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yap\u0131labilirdi. B\u00f6ylesi bir kongre, Ortado\u011fu Birle\u015fik Sosyalist Devletlerinin bir n\u00fcvesi haline gelebilirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ortado\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin m\u00fccadelesi yak\u0131n gelecekte, \u015fiddetli bir bask\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fmek zorunda kalabilir. Ne durumlar\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan yerel egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar, ne de kendisi i\u00e7in Ortado\u011fu ekonomik ve stratejik a\u00e7\u0131lardan vazge\u00e7ilmez h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f emperyalizm, i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 liberal bir politikaya tahamm\u00fcl edebilir. Yaln\u0131zca M\u0131s\u0131r, Filistin\u2019in iki b\u00f6lgesi, Suriye, L\u00fcbnan ve Irak i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin birle\u015fik eylemi ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu bask\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelebilir, ezilen kitleleri, i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerli ve yabanc\u0131 boyunduruktan kurtarabilir ve yeni bir toplum in\u015fa edebilir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" S. Munier\u2019in “\u0130srail Raporu” olarak sundu\u011fu bu makalesi Ekim 1949\u2019da, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 yay\u0131n organ\u0131n\u0131n 10. cilt, 9. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0S. Munier, Gabriel Baer\u2019in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takma add\u0131r. *** Bir y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce Yahudi devletinin kurulu\u015fundan bu yana Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen geli\u015fmeler, uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f kesimlerince benimsenmi\u015f olan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck yan\u0131lsamay\u0131 y\u0131kmak durumunda: 1.) antiemperyalist m\u00fccadele […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":280,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[643],"tags":[342,340,118,339,343,341],"class_list":["post-1184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-filistin","tag-arap","tag-ortadogu","tag-savasi","tag-siyonizm","tag-sonrasi","tag-yahudi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1184"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2863,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1184\/revisions\/2863"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Emperyalist s\u0131zman\u0131n yeni a\u015famas\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Emperyalizmin politik becerisi: Filistin sava\u015f\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin gerilemesi\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Stalinist politikan\u0131n iflas\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
S\u0131rada ne var?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n