{"id":1182,"date":"2019-03-21T18:45:53","date_gmt":"2019-03-21T15:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trockist.net\/?p=1182"},"modified":"2019-03-21T18:45:56","modified_gmt":"2019-03-21T15:45:56","slug":"turkiyede-krizin-etkileri-sinif-mucadelesi-ve-devrimci-partinin-insasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/2019\/03\/21\/turkiyede-krizin-etkileri-sinif-mucadelesi-ve-devrimci-partinin-insasi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de krizin etkileri, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi ve devrimci partinin in\u015fas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Giri\u015f <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eyl\u00fcl 2008 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizinin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisi her yana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. K\u0131talar, b\u00f6lgeler, \u00fclkeler, toplumun en geni\u015f kesimleri krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerini do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ya\u015famakta. Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z \u015fekilde krizin en ba\u015fta gelen ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonucu i\u015fsizlikteki b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f. BM Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (ILO) g\u00f6re 2008 sonu itibariyle 190 milyona yakla\u015fan d\u00fcnya i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131na 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda kriz nedeniyle 50 milyon ki\u015finin daha eklenmesi s\u00f6z konusu.(1)<\/strong>Bu, T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt kat\u0131 kadar insan\u0131n d\u00fcnyada i\u015fsiz oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na geliyor. Yoksulluk ve a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kentlerin bile g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131radan bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmesi de, krizin en az i\u015fsizlik kadar yayg\u0131n ve hayati bir di\u011fer y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonucu. Nitekim, kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda tarihte ilk defa d\u00fcnyadaki a\u00e7lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 bir milyar\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu 50 \u00fclkeli Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfusundan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir insan kitlesinin a\u00e7 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na geliyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyadaki her alt\u0131 ki\u015fiden biri a\u00e7 ya\u015famak zorunda, a\u00e7 olmayan milyarlarca insan ise i\u015fsizlik, yoksulluk, bar\u0131nma, \u0131s\u0131nma, sa\u011fl\u0131k, yetersiz beslenme gibi sorunlar i\u00e7inde. Yeti\u015fkin kad\u0131n ve erkekler i\u00e7in dahi ko\u015fullar\u0131n son derece zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tablonun, \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar, engelliler ve hastalar i\u00e7in daha da b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar i\u00e7ermesi ise ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz. Say\u0131lar\u0131 ILO\u2019ya g\u00f6re 220 milyon civar\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda daha da artaca\u011f\u0131 korkusu bu sonu\u00e7lardan sadece biri. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 milyonu 12 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda olan bu \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ileri krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerinden koruyabilecek bir mekanizma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortada. Bir milyon \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7iye sahip T\u00fcrkiye de bu durumdan muaf de\u011fil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (FAO) Ekim 2009 raporuna g\u00f6re \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere g\u00fcnde 20 bin insan a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcyor.(2)<\/strong> Y\u0131lda 7,2 milyon insan\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu d\u00fcnya, bir avu\u00e7 vurguncu daha \u00e7ok kazans\u0131n diye bir kumar masas\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, \u015fimdi krizle birlikte daha b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketlere yelken a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f durumda… Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n burjuva devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ise \u00f6nlem ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim giderlerini kesmeyi, sosyal haklar\u0131 t\u0131rpanlamay\u0131, i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma ve \u00fccret dondurmay\u0131\/d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi, daha uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ve buna mukabil krizin ba\u015f mimar\u0131 \u015firketlere milyarlarca dolar kaynak aktarmay\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm diye dayatabiliyor. Oysa teknoloji emek \u00fcretkenli\u011fini art\u0131racak, daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla \u00e7ok daha fazla \u00fcretim yap\u0131labildi\u011fi i\u00e7in insanlara da daha fazla bo\u015f zaman kalabilecekti! Bu kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u015fimdi b\u00fcy\u00fck patronlar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri de hep bir a\u011f\u0131zdan i\u015fsizli\u011fin, yoksullu\u011fun, a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplumsal bir tehdit haline geldi\u011fini korkuyla hayk\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Lakin onlar\u0131 as\u0131l korkutan krizin insanlar \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131m de\u011fil! Korkular\u0131n\u0131n nedeni y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n insanlarda kitlesel isyanlara yol a\u00e7ma ihtimali! \u201cNormal kapitalizm\u201d ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi i\u015fsizlik, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve yoksulluk rakamlar\u0131 ortada. \u00dcstelik bu \u201cnormal ko\u015fullar\u201d patronlar\u0131 tatmin etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, 1980\u2019lerde daha yo\u011fun ve yayg\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen neoliberal sald\u0131r\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme sokmu\u015flard\u0131. \u015eimdi bu politikalar sonucunda yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi yetmiyor, bir de sorumlusu olduklar\u0131 bu krizi bahane ederek sald\u0131r\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 daha da derinle\u015ftirme pe\u015findeler… Her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi faturay\u0131 da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7i yoksullar \u00f6desin istiyorlar. Krizin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 12 ay boyunca d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de patronlar\u0131n ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin krizi tan\u0131mlama ve \u00e7\u00f6zme y\u00f6ntemi faturay\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve emek\u00e7ilere \u00f6detme konusunda ne kadar kararl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Lakin bu kez fatura c\u00fczdandakiyle \u00f6denecek gibi bir mebla\u011f de\u011fil; ceketi, pantolonu, ayakkab\u0131y\u0131 da b\u0131rakmay\u0131 gerektirecek kadar kabar\u0131k… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylesi bir d\u00fcnya durumunun d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ana damarlar\u0131n\u0131 etkilememesi, m\u00fccadelenin sinir u\u00e7lar\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 gereken i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini harekete ge\u00e7irmemesi s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Lakin bir y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakan krizin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal tahribat\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlerince durdurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu y\u00f6nde etkin kitlesel seferberlikler yarat\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir ger\u00e7ek. Krizin 12 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde do\u011frudan hedefine krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 alan sadece iki etkin seferberlik \u201390 bin i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7inin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 29 Kas\u0131m 2008 Ankara Mitingi(3)<\/strong> ve 50 bin i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7inin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 \u015eubat 2009 Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Mitingi- d\u00fczenlendi.(4)<\/strong> Pekiyi, neden b\u00f6yle? Bir yanda sendikal b\u00fcrokrasinin \u2013kriz s\u00fcresince de net bir \u015fekilde kendisini g\u00f6steren- i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i tutumlar\u0131; di\u011fer yanda sosyalist solun \u00f6zellikle Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan giderek artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesini merkez olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karan politik y\u00f6nelimi, bu durumun \u00f6nde gelen iki temel nedenidir. Krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesine yans\u0131malar\u0131 ekseninde bu iki temel neden, devrimci partinin in\u015fas\u0131yla birlikte yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n da ana konusunu olu\u015fturuyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve emek\u00e7ilerin krizin faturas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6dememe konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve m\u00fccadelesi sadece bug\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil yar\u0131n\u0131 da do\u011frudan ilgilendiriyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc krizin ilk on iki ay\u0131, kay\u0131plar\u0131n s\u0131radan ve ge\u00e7ici olmaktan \u00f6te tarihsel ve kal\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. \u00c7ok daha yo\u011fun yeni bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00f6neminin s\u00f6z konusu olabilece\u011fi kadar ciddi kay\u0131plar bunlar… Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda burjuvazi ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konumlan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fccadelenin genel seyrinin bug\u00fcn ve yar\u0131n nelere gebe oldu\u011funu, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u0131srarla ele alman\u0131n fazlas\u0131yla gerekli oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde bulunuyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Kay\u0131plar\u0131 30 Y\u0131ld\u0131r S\u00fcr\u00fcyor <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, hak ve \u00fccretler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan durumu mevcut d\u00fcnya ekonomik kriziyle birlikte bozulmad\u0131. Bunun 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. 1945\u20131970 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki 25 y\u0131l boyunca \u2013giderek azalan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde olsa da- devam eden g\u00f6rece sermaye birikim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarla birlikte yerini durgunlu\u011fa b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bu durum patronlar\u0131 yeni aray\u0131\u015flara itti. Bunun bir sonucu olarak patronlar d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde yeni bir politik-ekonomik anlay\u0131\u015fa y\u00f6neldi. D\u00fc\u015fen k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmeyi ama\u00e7layan bu anlay\u0131\u015f 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren daha yo\u011fun s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczle\u015ftirme anlam\u0131na gelen neoliberalizmdi. Neoliberalizm \u00f6zellikle 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda ABD\u2019de Reagen ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Thatcher ile i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve d\u00fcnya emek\u00e7ilerine y\u00f6nelik bir politik-ekonomik kar\u015f\u0131-devrim haline geldi. 1989\u2019da Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 bu neoliberal sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha da yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de ilk kez 24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131\u2019yla 1980\u2019de bu politikan\u0131n temelleri at\u0131ld\u0131. 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri darbesi sonras\u0131nda, 1984\u2019te, ilk \u201csivil\u201d y\u00f6netim olan \u00d6zal h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle birlikte uygulanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar t\u00fcm burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri taraf\u0131ndan da devam ettirildi. AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu neoliberal sald\u0131r\u0131 program\u0131n\u0131 son 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r en etkin uygulayan h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neoliberal politikalar sonucunda, d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7iler \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli kay\u0131plar ya\u015fad\u0131. Bug\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olunan d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi de bu s\u00fcrecin organik bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 ve sonucu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cher \u015fey yolunda giderken ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kriz iyi gidi\u015fi k\u00f6t\u00fcye \u00e7evirdi\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tm\u0131yor. \u00d6te yandan t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve patronlar aras\u0131nda son ekonomik krizi g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi ilan edip aradan s\u0131yr\u0131lma e\u011filimi yayg\u0131n. \u00d6rne\u011fin AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u015eubat 2001 krizinin ard\u0131ndan kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00f6nemlerinde, Ocak 2003 – Eyl\u00fcl 2008 aras\u0131nda, 23 \u00e7eyrek \u00fcst \u00fcste ekonominin b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6stermesini bunun bir delili olarak sunmakta. Oysa 2002 sonu itibariyle 129,5 milyar dolar olan d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 2003\u2019te 144,1, 2004\u2019te 160,9, 2005\u2019te 169,7, 2006\u2019da 207,5 ve 2007\u2019de 249,4 milyar dolara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.(5)<\/strong> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla krizin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl 2008\u2019in \u00f6ncesinde ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin bedeli d\u0131\u015f borcun yakla\u015f\u0131k ikiye katlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131 arg\u00fcman d\u0131\u015f borcun nominal olarak artmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen net d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 stokunun Gayrisa Yurt \u0130\u00e7i Has\u0131laya (GSY\u0130H) oran\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde y\u00fczde 38,4\u2019den 20,6\u2019ya gerilemesini gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermekte. GSY\u0130H\u2019ya konu olan \u00fcretim (has\u0131la) hesab\u0131nda \u00fcretim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 faaliyet alanlar\u0131 da (ticaret, nans) kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu hesap ancak Ba\u015fbakan Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n, \u201cki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 milli gelirimiz 10 bin dolar\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u201d propagandas\u0131na hizmet eder. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 GSY\u0130H\u2019si 741 milyon 754 bin dolar oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re i\u015fsizlikte d\u00fcnya be\u015fincisi olsa da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 milli gelir 10 bin 500 dolara ula\u015ft\u0131 demektir! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2003\u20132007 d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f borcu artmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 dahi ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme -ayn\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi- kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir ba\u015far\u0131 say\u0131labilir miydi? Kriterimiz e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere sosyal hizmetlerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ve hayat standard\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi, i\u015fsizli\u011fin azal\u0131p \u00fccretlerin y\u00fckselmesi, i\u015fsizlik sigortas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p kolayla\u015fmas\u0131, emeklili\u011fin ula\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 ve bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak toplumsal refah\u0131n artmas\u0131 ise ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6neminde, tam tersine, bu alanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde gerileme ya\u015fand\u0131. Sadece i\u015fsizlik, yoksulluk, a\u00e7l\u0131k gibi temel sorunlar sadaka ekonomisi mekanizmalar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131l\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin hangi ko\u015fullarda ve ne bedeller \u00f6denerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fine dair bir \u00f6rne\u011fi Liman-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, Temel Sorunlar ve \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme: Darbo\u011faz Nas\u0131l A\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131? <\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan verebiliriz.(6)<\/strong> Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re her y\u0131l T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f ve D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 sendikalara \u00fcye olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in 10 bin i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften at\u0131lmakta. Yine bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re 1988\u2019den 2008\u2019e kadar ge\u00e7en 20 y\u0131lda sendikaya \u00fcye olup toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 50\u2019den fazla azald\u0131; toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden yararlanmaya dayal\u0131 sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131 1988\u2019de y\u00fczde 22,2 iken 2008\u2019de 5,8\u2019e kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme mucizelerinin ger\u00e7ek arka plan\u0131 budur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve bu nas\u0131l bir ekonomik mucizedir ki, ayn\u0131 kumdan bir kale gibi sahile vuran ilk dalgalar\u0131n alt\u0131nda parampar\u00e7a oluverdi. O ekonomik mucizenin yerinde yeller esiyor \u015fimdi. 27 \u00e7eyrek kesintisiz b\u00fcy\u00fcyen T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi, krizle birlikte 2009\u2019un ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 13,8 darald\u0131.(7)<\/strong> Cumhuriyet tarihinde bir benzeri II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f bir performans bu! Yeni a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00fcretim endeksi de, 2009 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 7 azalma g\u00f6stermekte.(8)<\/strong> Lakin bu \u00f6yle bir vurgun ve kumar ekonomisi ki, aral\u0131ks\u0131z 14 ayd\u0131r d\u00fc\u015fen (y\u0131ll\u0131k bazda y\u00fczde 7) sanayi \u00fcretimine ra\u011fmen \u0130stanbul Menkul De\u011ferler Borsas\u0131 (\u0130MKB) S\u0131nai Endeksi 2009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda y\u00fczde 77 artabiliyor.(9)<\/strong> \u00dcretim\/sat\u0131\u015f\/k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131k performans\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131 olmas\u0131 gereken hisse senetleri ise kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131 olarak var olmaya devam edebiliyor. Benzer \u015fekilde Mart 2008 tarihinden bu yana tekstil \u00fcretimi d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve krizle birlikte bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f katlanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u0130MKB Tekstil Endeksi de Ocak-Kas\u0131m 2009 d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczde 94 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterebiliyor.(10)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131 minareyi \u00e7alan k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 da uydurmakta. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyrektir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi tablosuna bak\u0131p faturay\u0131 patronlar \u00f6d\u00fcyor diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \u00e7ok yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. Nitekim Ziraat Bankas\u0131 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 ilk dokuz ayl\u0131k k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 63, Garanti Bankas\u0131 y\u00fczde 48, T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131 y\u00fczde 17, Sabanc\u0131 Holding y\u00fczde 41 artt\u0131rd\u0131. Ko\u00e7 Holding, Vestel, Do\u011fu\u015f Otomotiv ve di\u011ferleri; hepsi krizde milyarlarca lira k\u00e2r a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.(11)<\/strong> Bu \u201dba\u015far\u0131lar\u201d ba\u015fka nas\u0131l izah edilebilir? Evet, bu kumdan kaleyi in\u015fa eden patronlar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri faturay\u0131 daima i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve emek\u00e7i yoksul halklara \u00f6detmeyi \u00e7ok iyi becermekte. H\u00fck\u00fcmet de ba\u015fta vergi indirimi\/aff\u0131 olmak \u00fczere patronlara t\u00fcrl\u00fc te\u015fvik-prim deste\u011fi sundu, sunmaya devam ediyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kriz ve Sermaye Cephesinin Bak\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patronlar\u0131n krizi nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fini en iyi anlatan a\u00e7\u0131klama ve uygulamalardan biri Sabanc\u0131 Holding Ba\u015fkan\u0131 G\u00fcler Sabanc\u0131\u2019ya ait. A\u011fustos 2008 tarihinde G\u00fcler Sabanc\u0131 lastik i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00fccretlerini \u015f\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendiriyordu: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fe yeni ba\u015flayan bir i\u015f\u00e7i, 6 ay \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7iymi\u015f gibi \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklara kavu\u015fabiliyor. B\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olabilir mi? Rahmetli Sak\u0131p Bey, bu durumu, \u2019Lastik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn naturas\u0131 b\u00f6yle olu\u015fmu\u015f\u2019 diye yorumlard\u0131. Oysa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7ok daha fazla \u00fcretmeye ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ihtiyac\u0131 var. Bunu bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc anlatam\u0131yoruz.<\/em>(12)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rt ay sonra G\u00fcler Sabanc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n fantastik \u00fccret ve haklara sahip olundu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi Brisa\u2019da Aral\u0131k 2008 tarihinde kriz gerek\u00e7esiyle 64 i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131; geri kalan 1236 i\u015f\u00e7iye de \u00fccretsiz izin verildi. Brisa 2008 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 68 milyon, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 ilk dokuz ay\u0131n\u0131 da 16 milyon 732 bin lira k\u00e2rla kapatt\u0131. Kriz gerek\u00e7esiyle zarar ve tensikat a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 bu nedenle ger\u00e7ekleri yans\u0131tm\u0131yor. As\u0131l ama\u00e7 krizi gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerdeki kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 geriletmek. G\u00fcler Sabanc\u0131 A\u011fustos 2008 tarihli konu\u015fmas\u0131nda bu konudaki gerek\u00e7e ve yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya koyuyor: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, Japonya, \u0130ngiltere, Almanya, Fransa, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya\u2019da ortalama i\u015f\u00e7i maliyeti 45 bin dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu maliyet 50 bin dolar. Ayn\u0131 rakam Portekiz, Brezilya ve Slovenya\u2019da 20 bin dolar civar\u0131nda; Polonya, Meksika ve Arjantin\u2019de 10 bin dolar; Romanya, M\u0131s\u0131r, Endonezya ve \u00c7in\u2019de 5 bin dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda.<\/em>(13)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi Sabanc\u0131\u2019y\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r, Romanya ya da maliyetlerin \u00e7ok daha az oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u00fclkelerden birine gitmekten kurtar\u0131yor. \u0130\u015ften at\u0131lan milyonlar daha az \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olurken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan i\u015f\u00e7iler de i\u015fsizlik kayg\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131f\u0131r zam, \u00fccret indirimi, \u00fccretsiz izin gibi uygulamalar\u0131 kabul etmeye zorlan\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu\u2019nun (T\u00dc\u0130K) Kas\u0131m 2009\u2019da yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u011fustos 2009 d\u00f6nemli i\u015fsizlik rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye i\u015fsizlikte d\u00fcnya be\u015fincisi, Avrupa ikincisi durumda.(14)<\/strong> 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 net k\u00e2r\u0131 1 milyar 189 milyon lira olan Sabanc\u0131 Holding\u2019in 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 ilk dokuz ay\u0131 net k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 da y\u00fczde 41 artt\u0131rmas\u0131 (1 milyar 57 milyon k\u00e2r) bu i\u015fsizlik ve kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ne kadar iyi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck 500 \u015firketinin son \u00e7eyrekteki krize ra\u011fmen 2008 net sat\u0131\u015f k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 16,3 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131rmas\u0131 (11,2 milyar lira) Sabanc\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011finin sermaye cephesinin geneli i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funun kan\u0131t\u0131.(15)<\/strong> Sermaye cephesinin kriz zarar\u0131 ancak k\u00e2rdan zarar olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krizin \u0130lk Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 Sonucu: Kitlesel \u0130\u015ften \u00c7\u0131karmalar <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer tarafta ayn\u0131 kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f 8. B\u00f6lge Temsilcisi Mehmet Kanca\u2019n\u0131n verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re Bursa\u2019da 2009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda 27 bin 695 ki\u015fi i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131, sadece bin 220 ki\u015fi yeni bir i\u015f bulabildi. Kanca\u2019ya g\u00f6re Bursa\u2019da kriz nedeniyle 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda da 56 bin 200 ki\u015fi i\u015fini kaybetti.(16)<\/strong> Ve en iyimser tahminle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in resmi verilerine g\u00f6re, 2009 A\u011fustos itibariyle bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 927 bin (y\u00fczde 13,4) artt\u0131. Bu toplam 3 milyon 429 bin i\u015fsizin y\u00fczde 17\u2019si tar\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fsiz iken gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 23,5 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.(17)<\/strong> T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in i\u015f bulmaktan umudunu kesenleri, ge\u00e7ici\/mevsimsel i\u015f\u00e7ileri, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen eme\u011fiyle d\u00f6rt duvar aras\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131 hesap d\u0131\u015far\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bilimsellikten uzak olan ve ger\u00e7e\u011fin sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan bu veriler dahi yeterince korkun\u00e7. Yine bu verilere g\u00f6re her 100 ki\u015fiden 45,7\u2019si herhangi bir sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurulu\u015funa kay\u0131tl\u0131 de\u011fil. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmakla ancak yoksul bir hayat s\u00fcrme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 yakalayabildi\u011fini, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan\u0131n zaten do\u011frudan a\u00e7 ve a\u00e7\u0131kta kalma tehdidi alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren rakamlar bunlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitleler halinde i\u015ften at\u0131lan, zorunlu \u00fccretsiz izinlere \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p \u00fccretleri dondurulan hatta indirilen ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde de ancak yoksul bir hayat ya\u015fayacak kadar \u00fccret alabilen i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, krize kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fimdiye dek neden kitlesel etkin bir cevap \u00fcretemedi? Bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131n ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 krizin ba\u015flar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u015fu \u00f6rneklerde bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn: Kriz bahane edilerek sendikal\u0131 olan i\u015fyerlerinde de i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma ve \u00fccretsiz izin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede bir \u201cKrize Kar\u015f\u0131 Emek Masas\u0131\u201d olu\u015fturuyor. Bu bilgilere g\u00f6re i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma ve \u00fccretsiz izin uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n otomotiv-metal, \u00e7imento-seramik, tekstil ve gemi yap\u0131m\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Verilere g\u00f6re \u015eubat 2009\u2019da T\u00fcrk Metal \u00fcyesi 4 bin 208 i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften at\u0131l\u0131p, bin 150\u2019si de zorunlu \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. Yine \u00e7imento\/seramik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc \u00c7imse-\u0130\u015f \u00fcyesi bin 233 i\u015f\u00e7i de i\u015ften at\u0131l\u0131p, 2 bin 217\u2019si de \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Genel Maden-\u0130\u015f, A\u011fa\u00e7-\u0130\u015f, TEKS\u0130F, Tek-G\u0131da-\u0130\u015f, T\u00dcMT\u0130S ve T\u00fcrk Harb-\u0130\u015f \u00fcyesi binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i de benzer durumu ya\u015f\u0131yor. K\u0131sacas\u0131, \u015eubat 2009\u2019da T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f \u00fcyesi 5 bin 766 i\u015f\u00e7i kriz bahanesiyle i\u015ften at\u0131l\u0131yor, 4 bin 139 i\u015f\u00e7i de zorunlu \u00fccretsiz izine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece kademe kademe Eyl\u00fcl 2008 \u2013 \u015eubat 2009 s\u00fcreci boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerden T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f \u00fcyesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 35 bin i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 bin T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f \u00fcyesi i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00fccretsiz, 19 bin i\u015f\u00e7iye de yar\u0131m \u00fccretli izin veriliyor. Bu s\u00fcre boyunca T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f \u00fcretimden gelen g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kullanmay\u0131nca i\u015ften atma\/ \u00fccretsiz izin s\u00fcreci kesintisiz devam ediyor. Eyl\u00fcl 2009\u2019a gelindi\u011finde i\u015ften at\u0131lan T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f \u00fcyesi i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 42 bin 296\u2019ya, zorunlu \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 ise 52 bin 172\u2019ye ula\u015f\u0131yor.(18) <\/strong>(Tablo 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"

<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 bin \u00fcyesi i\u015ften at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve\/veya \u00fccretsiz – yar\u0131m \u00fccretli izne \u00e7\u0131kmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sendikas\u0131 bu \u015fartlarda krize kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimden gelen g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanm\u0131yorsa ne zaman kullanacak? Bir sendika, \u00fcyesi olan i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015ften at\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir tutum geli\u015ftirmiyorsa bir sendika olarak vasf\u0131 ne olabilir? Bir i\u015f\u00e7i en zor zaman\u0131nda kendisine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmayan sendikaya neden ve ne kadar g\u00fcven duyabilir? Bu \u015fartlarda bu kriz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 lehine nas\u0131l durdurulabilir? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f \u00fcyesi i\u015f\u00e7iler gibi Eyl\u00fcl 2008 \u2013 \u015eubat 2009 d\u00f6neminde yine kriz bahanesiyle Hak-\u0130\u015f \u00fcyesi 7.200, D\u0130SK \u00fcyesi 3.800 i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131, binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i de \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar yo\u011fun olarak tekstil, metal, petro-kimya ve g\u0131da sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 zam ve \u00fccret anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fyerlerinde 3 bine yak\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i greve gitti. Tamam\u0131 anla\u015fmayla sonu\u00e7land\u0131! Anla\u015fmayla sonu\u00e7lanan toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin birinin ard\u0131ndan sendika ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her zaman g\u00f6rev ve sorumlulu\u011funun bilinciyle hareket eden tara ar olarak sadece metal i\u015fkolunda de\u011fil di\u011fer t\u00fcm i\u015fkollar\u0131nda da masa ba\u015f\u0131nda tara ar\u0131n mutabakat\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanan bir T\u0130S s\u00fcrecinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131 dile\u011fiyle…<\/em>(19)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patron sendikas\u0131 temsilcisi ise bu konu\u015fmay\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle tamaml\u0131yordu; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyal tara ar olarak \u00fclkemizin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kriz d\u00f6neminde \u00fczerimize d\u00fc\u015feni yapt\u0131k ve her iki taraf\u0131n da menfaatlerini g\u00f6zeten bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye zaman\u0131nda imza att\u0131k. \u00dclkemiz, b\u00f6ylesi kriz d\u00f6nemlerini birlik beraberlik ruhu i\u00e7erisinde atlatmay\u0131 her zaman ba\u015faracakt\u0131r…<\/em>(20)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet, o birlik ve beraberlik ruhu i\u00e7inde y\u00fcz binlercesi sendikal\u0131 olmak \u00fczere milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131. Ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yeniden i\u015f bulamad\u0131, \u00e7ok az\u0131 i\u015fsizlik sigortas\u0131ndan yararlanabildi ve bir\u00e7o\u011funun zaten kayd\u0131 bile yoktu. Tekrar sormak gerekiyor, \u201cHer zaman g\u00f6rev ve sorumlulu\u011funun bilinciyle hareket eden tara ar\u201d varken <\/em>bu kriz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 lehine nas\u0131l durdurulabilir? On binlerce \u00fcyesi i\u015ften at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fccreti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f sendikalar i\u015f\u00e7ileri i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olduklar\u0131 t\u00fcm i\u015fyerlerinde \u00fcretimden gelen g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kullanm\u0131yorsa, m\u00fccadeleyi birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in seferber olmuyorsa nas\u0131l olacak da krizin faturas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler de\u011fil de patronlar \u00f6deyecek? Sendikas\u0131, sigortas\u0131, yemek-yol paras\u0131 olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i ne yapacak? Krizde \u00f6nce onlar soka\u011fa at\u0131ld\u0131lar! \u0130\u015finden olmu\u015f ve zaten uzun zamand\u0131r i\u015fsiz olan bu durumdaki milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc kesimleri m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmezse nas\u0131l birlik ve m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6neminin bilincine varacak? Bu sorular\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131 sendikalar\u0131n m\u00fccadele i\u00e7indeki mevcut durumlar\u0131 ele al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n verilemez. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kriz Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00c7\u0131kan \u0130lk M\u00fccadele ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patronlar d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizini i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir gerek\u00e7e haline getirdi. Krizin Eyl\u00fcl 2008\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte bir\u00e7ok i\u015fyerinde tensikat uygulamalar\u0131 da ba\u015flad\u0131. TU\u0130K\u2019in resmi rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re A\u011fustos 2009 itibariyle son bir y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fsizler ordusuna kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kriz boyunca \u00fccretsiz izin, \u00fccret d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme\/dondurma, sosyal haklarda k\u0131s\u0131nt\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 da yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Kriz, sendikal haklar\u0131n gasp edilmesi i\u00e7in de bir gerek\u00e7e haline getirildi. Bir\u00e7ok i\u015fyerinde sendikala\u015fma m\u00fccadelesi veren i\u015f\u00e7iler toplu \u015fekilde i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 ve hak gasplar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler de bir\u00e7ok grev ve direni\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu m\u00fccadelelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kazan\u0131m, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yenilgiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise i\u015f\u00e7iler m\u00fccadeleye halen devam etmekte… Bu grev ve direni\u015flerin ortak eksikli\u011fi\/zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka grev ve direni\u015flerle birle\u015fememesi oldu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sendikal\u0131 olmayan i\u015fyerlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda m\u00fccadele <\/em><\/strong>veren i\u015f\u00e7iler seslerini ya hi\u00e7 duyuramad\u0131 ya da \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde izole edildi. Sendikas\u0131z i\u015fyerlerindeki m\u00fccadeleler genellikle maa\u015f geciktirme, eksik \u00f6deme, \u00fccretsiz izin, tazminats\u0131z i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma ve i\u015fyeri kapanmas\u0131 gibi nedenlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu t\u00fcr i\u015fyerlerinde k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli direni\u015flerin ard\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin dayanma g\u00fc\u00e7leri genellikle azald\u0131\/k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. M\u00fccadele \u00e7o\u011funlukla i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131larak mahkeme salonlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler bu t\u00fcr davalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda kazansalar da i\u015fverenler i\u015fyerlerini ta\u015f\u0131yarak, ismini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, yak\u0131nlar\u0131na devrederek genellikle i\u015fe iadenin gere\u011fini yerine getirmedikleri gibi i as g\u00f6stererek i\u015f\u00e7ilere kazand\u0131klar\u0131 tazminatlar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6dememenin, geciktirmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 buldular. Selga Tekstil (\u0130stanbul Sultan\u00e7iftli\u011fi), BJ Tekstil (\u0130stanbul Had\u0131mk\u00f6y), Cesur \u00c7uval (\u0130stanbul Kartal), Ak\u00e7akoca \u00c7\u0131nar Boru (Zonguldak), Meha Tekstil (\u0130stanbul Gaziosmanpa\u015fa), Kurti\u015f Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k (istanbul Topkap\u0131), Entes Elektronik (\u0130stanbul Dudullu), \u0130zmir Kent A\u015e (\u0130zmir) bu duruma \u00f6rnek m\u00fccadele ve direni\u015flerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlardan Selga Tekstil\u2019de k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli i\u015fyeri i\u015fgali de ya\u015fand\u0131.(21)<\/strong> Selga Tekstil\u2019de m\u00fccadelenin temel nedeni kriz bahanesiyle \u00fccretlerin d\u00fczenli \u00f6denmemesiydi. Bu nedenle i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00e7e\u015fitli tarihlerde (Aral\u0131k 2008, Ocak 2009 gibi) eylemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dccret \u00f6demelerinde herhangi bir d\u00fczelmenin olmamas\u0131, patronun Adana\u2019da yeni bir fabrika kurup i\u015fyerindeki makineleri de bu yeni fabrikaya ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131rma giri\u015fiminde bulunmas\u0131 sonucu i\u015f\u00e7iler fabrikay\u0131 i\u015fgal edip direni\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Patron polis \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak fabrikay\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin aileleri de fabrika \u00f6n\u00fcne gelip direni\u015fe kat\u0131ld\u0131lar, ama saatler s\u00fcren m\u00fccadele sonunda polis zoruyla fabrika bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7ok say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i yaralan\u0131p, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131… \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler cesaret ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele etseler de tek tek i\u015fyerlerinde kal\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar almak olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Selga Tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ileri hakl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 bir davada ma\u011fdur duruma geldiler. M\u00fccadele birle\u015ftirilemedi\u011fi, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin birli\u011fi sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece de bu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sendikal faaliyet\/\u00f6rg\u00fctlenme nedeniyle i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma ya\u015fanan i\u015fyerlerindeki m\u00fccadeleler <\/em><\/strong>\u2013genelde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere kriz d\u00f6neminde de- uzun bir zamana yay\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u015fyerine sendikan\u0131n girmesini istemeyen patronlar, buna engel olmak i\u00e7in her t\u00fcr yolu denediler. \u00c7ok az\u0131 sendika-i\u015fveren anla\u015fmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr i\u015fyerlerindeki m\u00fccadelelerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda iki fakt\u00f6r var: \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015fyerindeki \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck durumu ve sendikan\u0131n m\u00fccadele konusunda kararl\u0131 bir tutuma sahip olmas\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve kenetlenmi\u015f de\u011filse m\u00fccadele istenen sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fam\u0131yor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sendikan\u0131n tutumunu da do\u011frudan etkiliyor. Bu \u015fartlar varsa sendika direni\u015fe sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p i\u015f\u00e7ileri maddi ve moral a\u00e7\u0131dan destekledi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde i\u015f\u00e7iler de m\u00fccadeleye devam edebiliyor; aksi durumda y\u00fczlerce i\u015f\u00e7iyle ba\u015flayan m\u00fccadele s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde onlarca i\u015f\u00e7iye d\u00fc\u015febiliyor. Bu da sendikan\u0131n i\u015fyerinde \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yitirmesi anlam\u0131na geliyor ki m\u00fccadele yine mahkeme salonlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. Kriz s\u00fcresince sendikal faaliyet nedeniyle i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma ya\u015fanan bir\u00e7ok i\u015fyerinde s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u015fimdi bu durumda: Direni\u015fteki i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131ca g\u00f6re azald\u0131; m\u00fccadeleler mahkemeye yans\u0131d\u0131; s\u00fcre uzad\u0131k\u00e7a direni\u015fteki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin maddi sorunlar\u0131 artt\u0131; sendika bu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 gidermekte zorlanmaya, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve katk\u0131lar da azalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131; patronlar yeni i\u015f\u00e7i ald\u0131, \u00fcretim i\u00e7in yeni at\u00f6lye kurdu ve\/veya i\u015fleri fasona verdi… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm grev ve direni\u015fler aras\u0131nda bir e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fta ayn\u0131 i\u015fkolundaki i\u015f\u00e7iler olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7ilerin birlik ve dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda bu m\u00fccadeleler ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fam\u0131yor. Arada tekil ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri olsa da bunlar s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinde sonucunu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 lehine de\u011fi\u015ftiremiyor. Kriz boyunca sendikal faaliyet\/\u00f6rg\u00fctlenme nedeniyle i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma ve m\u00fccadele ya\u015fanan baz\u0131 i\u015fyerleri \u015f\u00f6yle: Graniser Seramik Fabrikas\u0131 (Akhisar), Desa Deri (D\u00fczce), \u00dcnilever Depo \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri (Gebze Muallimk\u00f6y), Tezcan Galvaniz (Kocaeli), Sinter Metal (\u0130stanbul Dudullu), G\u00fcrsa\u015f (\u0130stanbul \u00dcmraniye), E-Kart (Gebze), ATV-Sabah (\u0130stanbul), Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7en Havaalan\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri (\u0130stanbul), Migros Depo i\u015f\u00e7ileri (Kocaeli), Renta Fabrikas\u0131 (Eski\u015fehir), Nema Makine Tekstil (D\u00fczce), Mersin Liman i\u015f\u00e7ileri, Esenyurt Belediye i\u015f\u00e7ileri, Okmeydan\u0131 E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi ta\u015feron sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin m\u00fccadelesi… Bunlardan Sinter ve G\u00fcrsa\u015f Metal fabrikalar\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli fabrika i\u015fgali de ya\u015fand\u0131.(22)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinter Metal i\u015f\u00e7ileri m\u00fccadelelerini 11 ayd\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu s\u00fcre boyunca bir\u00e7ok eylem, etkinlik, dayan\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlediler. Ba\u015fta di\u011fer direni\u015f ve grevlerdeki i\u015f\u00e7iler olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i de Sinter i\u015f\u00e7ilerine destek verdi; Sinter i\u015f\u00e7ileri de onlara dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sundu. Gelinen noktada Sinter i\u015f\u00e7ileri kararl\u0131l\u0131kla direni\u015flerine devam ediyorlar ama direni\u015fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcren i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde azald\u0131. Sinter patronu \u00fcretimine devam etti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 yok. Sinter Metal i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n birli\u011fi ve m\u00fccadelenin koordinasyonu sa\u011flanmal\u0131. Sinter i\u015f\u00e7ileri Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131na \u00fcyeler. Sendika y\u00f6netimi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok metal fabrikas\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc! Ayr\u0131ca Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 bir sendika ve D\u0130SK bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc… Sendika y\u00f6netimi Sinter Metal i\u015f\u00e7ileri i\u00e7in, \u00fcretimden gelen g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, sadece birka\u00e7 saat i\u00e7in bile kullanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrse m\u00fccadelenin seyri tamamen de\u011fi\u015febilir. B\u00f6yle bir giri\u015fim bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka sendikan\u0131n tutumunu olumlu anlamda etkileyece\u011fi gibi m\u00fccadele i\u00e7indeki b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini artt\u0131racakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sendikal\u0131 i\u015fyerlerindeki grev ve direni\u015fler <\/em><\/strong>sendikas\u0131z ya da yeni sendikala\u015fmakta olan i\u015fyerlerindeki m\u00fccadelelere g\u00f6re baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdi: Sendikal\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde uzla\u015fma\/anla\u015fma sa\u011fland\u0131. Patronlar bu uzla\u015fma\/anla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinden k\u00e2rl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karken i\u015f\u00e7iler ciddi kay\u0131plar ya\u015fad\u0131. Uzla\u015fma\/ anla\u015fma gere\u011fi on binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131, aylar s\u00fcren \u00fccretsiz izin uygulamalar\u0131 oldu, yar\u0131m \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma devreye sokuldu, bir\u00e7ok s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u0131f\u0131r zamla ba\u011fland\u0131, baz\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinde i\u015ften atmama kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fccretlerde indirim s\u00f6z konusu oldu. Hi\u00e7bir i\u015fyerinde \u00fcretim uzun s\u00fcreli aksamad\u0131. Sendika y\u00f6netimleri m\u00fccadeleyi birle\u015ftirme ve s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n birli\u011fini sa\u011flama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir giri\u015fimde bulunmad\u0131. G\u00f6stermelik la ar ve eylemciklerle s\u00fcre\u00e7 idare edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131… Krizin ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131 halen devam eden grev ve direni\u015fler bu durumun kan\u0131t\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle dolu. Kriz boyunca Brisa (Kocaeli), Ford Otosan (Kocaeli), Oyak Reno (Bursa), Philips (Gebze), Ar\u00e7elik (Gebze), Asemat (Bursa), Ere\u011fli ve \u0130skenderun Demir ve \u00c7elik Fabrikalar\u0131 (Zonguldak), Tofa\u015f (Gebze), Bosch (Gebze) gibi bir \u00e7ok i\u015fyerinde i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma, \u00fccretsiz izin, \u00fccret indirimi, i\u015fyeri kapanmas\u0131 gibi sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda grev ve direni\u015fler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti; ve sonucunda tamam\u0131nda i\u015ften atma, \u00fccretsiz izin, \u00fccret indirimi, vardiya azaltma gibi uygulamalar \u00fczerinde uzla\u015fma\/anla\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti… Gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilen kriz ger\u00e7ekten i\u015fvereni bu uygulamalar\u0131 almak zorunda b\u0131rakt\u0131 m\u0131? Brisa \u00f6rne\u011fi bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6\u011fretici derslerle dolu.(23)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aral\u0131k 2008\u2019de krizi gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6steren Brisa y\u00f6netimi 150 i\u015f\u00e7iyi i\u015ften att\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fe geldiklerinde giri\u015f kartlar\u0131n\u0131n basmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rerek \u00f6\u011frendiler. Bir \u00f6nceki vardiyada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyduklar\u0131nda \u00fcretimi durdurup kendilerini fabrikaya kapatt\u0131lar. Fabrika ilen i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f oldu. D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Lastik-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u015fyerinde 1.300 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Sendika Brisa y\u00f6netimiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan 64 i\u015f\u00e7inin at\u0131lmas\u0131, 9 Ocak 2009 tarihine kadar \u00fcretimin durdurulmas\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bu s\u00fcre boyunca \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fma yapt\u0131. Bu anla\u015fma sadece 64 i\u015f\u00e7inin at\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6z yummak anlam\u0131na gelmiyordu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda farkl\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinde m\u00fccadele veren\/verecek b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zg\u00fcvenlerine indirilen bir darbeydi. Nitekim krizin hen\u00fcz ba\u015flar\u0131nda sendika b\u00fcrokrasisinin bu ve benzeri i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda i\u015f\u00e7iler krizin faturas\u0131na boyun e\u011fmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brisa ve Sabanc\u0131 Holding ger\u00e7ekten kriz nedeniyle zarar etti mi? Brisa 64 i\u015f\u00e7iyi att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 2008 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 68 milyon lira k\u00e2rla kapatt\u0131. Sabanc\u0131 Holding\u2019in 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 net k\u00e2r\u0131 1 milyar 189 milyon lira oldu. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk dokuz ay\u0131nda da Sabanc\u0131 Holding net k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 41 artt\u0131rd\u0131; 1 milyar 57 milyon k\u00e2r etti. Brisa\u2019n\u0131n 2009 ilk dokuz ayl\u0131k net k\u00e2r\u0131 da 16 milyon 732 bin oldu. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere ne Brisa ne de Sabanc\u0131 Holding kriz nedeniyle zarar etmedi. Sabanc\u0131 Holding patronu G\u00fcler Sabanc\u0131 Brisa\u2019y\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk 10 lastik \u00fcreticisinden biri yapmay\u0131 hedefliyor. Lastik-\u0130\u015f neyi hedefliyor? Brisa ve Sabanc\u0131 Holding\u2019in k\u00e2r etti\u011fi ortadayken i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma ve \u00fccretsiz izin uygulamalar\u0131na neden boyun e\u011fdi ve anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131? Sonu\u00e7 almak i\u00e7in \u00fcretimden gelen g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sonuna kadar neden kullanmad\u0131? \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu Sarkusyan, \u00c7ay\u0131rova, Kroman \u00c7elik, Akkardan, ABB, Makine Tar\u0131m, Toly Metal, Areva, Bosal, Y\u00fccel Boru gibi i\u015fyerlerinde toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri (T\u0130S) boyunca i\u015f\u00e7ileri seferber edip her cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc eylemlilikler d\u00fczenleyebilen D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131 ayn\u0131 seferberlikleri ve m\u00fccadeleyi D\u0130SK\u2019in \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu Brisa\u2019dan at\u0131lan 64 i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in neden g\u00f6stermedi? Y\u00fcz binlerce \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7iye sahip sendikalar i\u015ften atmalar\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in ortak hareket etmezse, birle\u015fmez ve harekete ge\u00e7mezse sendikas\u0131z\/\u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i ne yaps\u0131n? Eski\u015fehir ve Bilecik Boz\u00fcy\u00fck\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 2 bin Eti G\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7isi T\u0130S anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle 19 A\u011fustos 2009\u2019da greve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Tek G\u0131da-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131na \u00fcye i\u015f\u00e7ilerin grevi 9 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve anla\u015fmayla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Benzer \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Sel\u00fcloz-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu Halkal\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin 17 Temmuz 2009\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 grev de 33 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve anla\u015fma ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131; 2009 i\u00e7in %0, 2010 i\u00e7in 25 TL, 2011 i\u00e7in 90 TL zam karar\u0131yla…(24)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elde edilen sonu\u00e7 bir yana b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00f6rnekler sendikalar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lerini harekete ge\u00e7irebildiklerini, ge\u00e7irdiklerinde de sonu\u00e7 alabildiklerini g\u00f6stermekte. Bu durumda y\u00fcz binlerce sendikal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015ften at\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00fccretlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine g\u00f6z yumulmas\u0131 nas\u0131l izah edilebilir? \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri i\u015ften atanlar patronlar olsa da bu s\u00fcrecin esas belirleyeni sendika b\u00fcrokrasileridir. Ere\u011fli ve \u0130skenderun Demir ve \u00c7elik Fabrikalar\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc Hak-\u0130\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00c7elik-\u0130\u015f\u2019in ve T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Metal Sendikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kriz nedeniyle 16 ay boyunca i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerini %35 indiren bir anla\u015fma imzalamas\u0131 bu ger\u00e7e\u011fin en utan\u00e7 verici \u00f6rneklerinden biridir.(25)<\/strong> \u00c7elik-\u0130\u015f ve T\u00fcrk Metal y\u00f6netiminin, 1.400 i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015ften at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 yapmaya mecbur kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesi ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmamaktad\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fma hi\u00e7bir i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u00e7ine sinmedi\u011fi gibi i\u015f\u00e7ilere ra\u011fmen imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sendikalar\u0131n g\u00f6revi patronlar\u0131n mali bilan\u00e7olar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve savunmak olamaz. Sendikalar\u0131n g\u00f6revi i\u015f\u00e7ilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve geli\u015ftirmektir. Bir milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften at\u0131l\u0131yor, \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor, \u00fccret kesintisine maruz kal\u0131yorsa sendikalar g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmiyor demektir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc birli\u011finden gelir. Sendikalar\u0131n temel g\u00f6revi de bu birli\u011fi sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Kriz boyunca sendikal b\u00fcrokrasi i\u015f\u00e7ilerin birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi izledi\u011fi i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i tutumla krizin faturas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6demesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Sendikal b\u00fcrokrasinin bu i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i tutumu a\u015f\u0131lmadan krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek olanakl\u0131 olamaz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir Y\u0131lda Bir Milyon \u0130\u015fsiz: \u0130\u015ften Atmalara Kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fccadele, Taleplerin \u00d6nemi <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli taleplerden biri i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 talebidir. Kitlesel i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar sonucu bir milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015finden olmas\u0131 da bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6stermekte. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in A\u011fustos 2009 rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 3 milyon 429 bin i\u015fsiz bulunmakta. Bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce A\u011fustos 2008\u2019de 2 milyon 502 bin i\u015fsiz vard\u0131. Resmi rakamlara g\u00f6re dahi bir y\u0131lda bir milyon i\u015fsiz a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fabilir n\u00fcfusun (51 milyon 789 bin) yar\u0131s\u0131ndan daha az\u0131 (25 milyon 537 bin) istihdam i\u00e7inde.(26)<\/strong> Her bir ki\u015finin en az \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015finin ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse bir milyon i\u015fsiz \u00fc\u00e7 milyon a\u00e7\/ yoksul insana denk gelmekte. Toplam resmi i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 3 milyon 429 bin. Bu durumda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyon insan i\u015fsizli\u011fin do\u011frudan etkisi alt\u0131nda. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaktan umudunu kesenler, ge\u00e7ici\/mevsimlik i\u015f\u00e7iler ilave edildi\u011finde ger\u00e7ek i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 6,5 milyon civar\u0131nda. Bu durumda yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 milyon insan do\u011frudan i\u015fsizli\u011fin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor. Her 10 i\u015f\u00e7iden sadece birinin i\u015fsizlik sigortas\u0131ndan yararlanabildi\u011fi ve bu s\u00fcrenin en fazla 10 ay oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse i\u015fsizlik, insanlar\u0131n aileleriyle birlikte a\u00e7\/a\u00e7\u0131k duruma d\u00fc\u015fmesi anlam\u0131na geliyor. \u0130\u015ften atmalar\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 bu nedenle hayati bir \u00f6neme sahip. Sendikalar\u0131n i\u015ften atmalara kar\u015f\u0131 kesin bir kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015f sergilemesi bu nedenle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fiyle do\u011frudan ilgili. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fsizli\u011fin art\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de art\u0131\u015f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmekte. \u00d6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fck artt\u0131k\u00e7a krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kararl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler geli\u015ftirmek de ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zorla\u015fmakta. \u0130\u015fsiz, \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz milyonlarca i\u015fsizin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicilere ihtiya\u00e7 bulunmakta. Mevcut ko\u015fullarda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en ba\u015fta gelen s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6rg\u00fctleri yine sendikalar ama mevcut b\u00fcrokrasilerin idaresi alt\u0131nda sendikalar\u0131n bunu yapabilme olana\u011f\u0131 yok. Bu durum i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n birli\u011fi, krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 durabilme ve bu y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmesini engelleyebilme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ciddi bir bo\u015fluk\/belirsizlik anlam\u0131na geliyor. Ne yapmal\u0131? Kriz hen\u00fcz bitmi\u015f de\u011fil. Ba\u015fta i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar olmak \u00fczere krizin, di\u011fer y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte bir s\u00fcre daha devam edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k. Bununla birlikte \u201ckriz bitti!\u201d dendi\u011finde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in kay\u0131plar\u0131n bir anda ortadan kalkmayaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k. Daha da \u00f6tesi kriz ve \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde kaybedilmi\u015f haklar\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n geri al\u0131nabilece\u011fi de belirsiz. Ku\u015fkusuz bunu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n birli\u011fi ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleyecek. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede hem sendikalar\u0131n -\u00f6zellikle son 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren neoliberal sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n da etkisi alt\u0131nda- geldi\u011fi noktan\u0131n ve sendikal b\u00fcrokrasinin tutumunun hem de sosyalist solun -1989\u2019da Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte- bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle de etkile\u015ferek ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fimlerin s\u0131ras\u0131yla bir de\u011ferlendirmesini yapmak gerekiyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kriz, Sendikal B\u00fcrokrasi ve A\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 Gereken Engeller <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzunca s\u00fcredir sendikal b\u00fcrokrasinin ellerinde sendikalar birer m\u00fccadele \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131plara ra\u011fmen sendika b\u00fcrokrasileri s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i \u00e7izgilerini terk etmiyorlar. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn temel g\u00f6stergelerinden biri olan sendikal\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmeye devam ediyor. Ku\u015fkusuz s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belirleyici olan sendikalar\u0131n \u00fcye say\u0131lar\u0131\/oranlar\u0131 de\u011fil bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin m\u00fccadeleci nitelikte \u00f6rg\u00fctler olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131. Nitekim sendikalar\u0131n \u00fcye kaybetmesinin ve sendikal\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinin ba\u015fta gelen nedeni de bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin m\u00fccadelecilikten uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131. Mevcut d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizinin ba\u015fta i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar olmak \u00fczere y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sendikal b\u00fcrokrasilerin izledi\u011fi m\u00fccadelecilikten uzak i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i tutumlar da bunun en son \u00f6rnekleri. Sendikalar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleci niteliklerinden uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i bir \u00e7izgi izlemeleri nedeniyle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sendikalara olan g\u00fcveni azalmakta, sendika \u00fcyeli\u011fi gereksiz g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte, bu durum \u00fcye say\u0131lar\u0131na da yans\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son 30 y\u0131la egemen olan neoliberal ekonomik kar\u015f\u0131devrim sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 enformel sekt\u00f6r\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fcterek, ta\u015feron ve esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rarak sendikas\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 genel bir sald\u0131r\u0131 haline getirdi. Sendika b\u00fcrokrasilerinin i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i tutumlar\u0131yla bu neoliberal sald\u0131r\u0131lar birle\u015fti\u011finde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve sendikala\u015fma durumu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Mevcut d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi bu tabloyu daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Tablo 2, T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnyadaki sendikala\u015fma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n gerilemesini a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermekte.(27)<\/strong> (T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 1980 d\u00f6nemine ait sendikala\u015fma verileri ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmaktan uzak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tabloda yer almad\u0131.) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son 10 y\u0131lda sendikala\u015fma ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00fczerinde bask\u0131lar daha da artt\u0131 ve sendikala\u015fma oranlar\u0131 daha da geriledi. Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 5\u2019ler civar\u0131nda tahmin edilmekte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ku\u015fkusuz sendikala\u015fma oranlar\u0131nda toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 temel almak gerekir. Bu ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re 1988\u2019de y\u00fczde 22,2 olan sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6,1 oldu. Toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapabilen i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 1995\u2019de 1 milyon 144 bin iken bu say\u0131 2007\u2019de 831 bine kadar geriledi. Tablo 3 neoliberalizmin \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczle\u015ftirme sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermekte.(28)<\/strong> AKP\u2019nin h\u00fck\u00fcmet oldu\u011fu 2002\u20132009 d\u00f6neminde de i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 30 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece SSK\u2019l\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler temel al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da benzer bir erime s\u00f6z konusu. 1988\u2019de SSK\u2019l\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 45,7\u2019si toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapabilirken bu oran 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 15,7\u2019ye kadar geriledi AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde erime y\u00fczde 25\u2019ler civar\u0131nda oldu. Toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve grev hakk\u0131na sahip olmak bu hakk\u0131 lay\u0131k\u0131yla kullanabilmek anlam\u0131na gelmemekte. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda 458 olan grev say\u0131s\u0131 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda 34\u2019e, AKP\u2019nin h\u00fck\u00fcmet oldu\u011fu 2002 y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda 27 iken \u015eubat 2009 itibariyle 10\u2019a geriledi. (Tablo 4)(29)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde 11 bin 399 i\u015fyerinde 1.954 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi imzalan\u0131rken 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu say\u0131 6 bin 844 i\u015fyerinde 1.646 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ve AKP\u2019nin h\u00fck\u00fcmet oldu\u011fu 2002 sonunda 7 bin 453 i\u015fyerinde 1.773 iken \u015eubat 2009 itibariyle 2 bin 934 i\u015fyerinde 1.052 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 1990\u2019da bu toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden yararlanan i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 483 bin 852 iken 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu say\u0131 208 bin 595 i\u015f\u00e7i ve \u015eubat 2009 itibariyle toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden yararlanan i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 193 bin 780 i\u015f\u00e7i oldu…(30)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zelle\u015ftirme, ta\u015feronla\u015ft\u0131rma, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, sigorta ve haklardan mahrum \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczle\u015ftirme, sendikas\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim haklar\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rakma neoliberal kar\u015f\u0131devrimin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeler tam bir \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczle\u015ftirme sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirilen i\u015fyerlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, Et ve Bal\u0131k Kurumu, SEKA ve S\u00fcmerbank \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi tas ye edilirken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Erdemir, Telekom, Tekel \u00f6rneklerinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin devam\u0131na izin vermeyen tedbirlerle yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131. Tas ye olmaktan kurtulan i\u015fyerlerinde sendika b\u00fcrokrasileri i\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00e7izgilerine devam etmekte. Kriz bahanesiyle Erdemir i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00fccretlerinden 16 ay boyunca y\u00fczde 35 kesinti yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Hak-\u0130\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00c7elik-\u0130\u015f ve T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrk-Metal sendikas\u0131n\u0131n onay vermesi bu durumun \u00f6rneklerinden biri… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer yandan \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilerek tasfiye edilen SEKA ve S\u00fcmerbank fabrika direni\u015f \u00f6rnekleri ayn\u0131 i\u015fyerindeki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kendi i\u00e7inde birlik ve beraberli\u011finin gerekli\/\u00f6nemli ama sonu\u00e7 i\u00e7in yetersiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Her m\u00fccadele kendi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn di\u011fer i\u015fyerleriyle birle\u015fti\u011fi ve, farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rden i\u015fyerlerinin dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 alabildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fabilmektedir. Toplumun ezilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen di\u011fer kesimlerinin deste\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 da bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. M\u00fccadeleyi birle\u015ftirip sevk ve idare edecek bir i\u015f\u00e7i koordinasyon merkezinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ise kal\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar yaratabilmek i\u00e7in olmazsa olmaz bir fakt\u00f6r olarak g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fccadele birle\u015ftirilemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bir yandan neoliberal sald\u0131r\u0131lar di\u011fer yandan sendikal b\u00fcrokrasinin i\u015fbirli\u011fi marifetiyle \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde sendikala\u015fma oranlar\u0131 tamamen dibe vurdu. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5,5 milyon \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 varken yakla\u015f\u0131k 438 bin i\u015f\u00e7i toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli sendika hakk\u0131na sahipti; 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131 iki kat art\u0131p 10,5 milyona \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ise toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapabilen i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 361 bine geriledi. Sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131 1995\u2019te y\u00fczde 7,8 iken 2007\u2019de y\u00fczde 3,4\u2019e gerileyerek iki kattan fazla eridi. Tablo 5 bu erime-gerileme s\u00fcrecini g\u00f6stermekte.(31)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 15 milyon civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve grev hakk\u0131 olmayan sendikalar da d\u00e2hil edildi\u011finde, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131 en iyimser tahminle y\u00fczde 5\u2019ler civar\u0131nda olabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya ekonomik kriziyle birlikte i\u015fsizli\u011fin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn daha da artmas\u0131 bu tabloyu daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131racak. \u0130\u015fsizlikte tarihi bir art\u0131\u015f, \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fckte tarihi bir gerileme ve par\u00e7alanma ve sadece kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n kayb\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan daha yo\u011fun bir yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00f6neminin i\u00e7ine girdi\u011fimizi \u00f6ng\u00f6rebiliriz. Genelde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve \u00f6zelde sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6n\u00fcnde neoliberal politikalardan kaynakl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok engelin oldu\u011fu ortada. Sendikal b\u00fcrokrasilerin i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n bu durumu daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Sendikalar \u00fcyelerine g\u00fcven vermiyor ve m\u00fccadeleci unsurlar da engelleniyor. Bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak sendikalarda i\u015f\u00e7i demokrasisinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne set \u00e7ekilmi\u015f durumda. K\u0131sacas\u0131 sendikal b\u00fcrokrasi g\u00fcncel anlamda krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irmeyi de\u011fil durdurmay\u0131, m\u00fccadeleyi de\u011fil i\u015fbirli\u011fini se\u00e7erek mevcut m\u00fccadelenin birle\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7ok ciddi bir engel durumunda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fccadeleyi birle\u015ftirmek \u00f6ncelikle sendikalar\u0131 m\u00fccadele \u00f6rg\u00fctleri haline getirmekle olanakl\u0131 olabilir. Sendikalarda i\u015f\u00e7i demokrasisine i\u015flerlik kazand\u0131rmak sendikalar\u0131n m\u00fccadeleci s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6rg\u00fctleri haline gelmesinde temel bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i demokrasisi; s\u00f6z, yetki ve karar mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7ilere her an, her ko\u015fulda a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Sendikalar\u0131n m\u00fccadeleci s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6rg\u00fctleri haline getirilmesi ve i\u015f\u00e7i demokrasisine i\u015flerlik kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay s\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li i\u015f\u00e7ilere d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Ku\u015fkusuz s\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li i\u015f\u00e7iler kendi politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde, devrimci partilerinde yer almaks\u0131z\u0131n bu m\u00fcdahaleyi kendili\u011findenci bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirip sonu\u00e7land\u0131ramazlar. Bunu sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci partisi, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin tam ba\u011fr\u0131na yerle\u015ferek bu s\u00fcreci sevk ve idare etmek durumundad\u0131r. Tarihsel deneyim m\u00fccadelenin kaderinin tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z \u015fekilde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n politik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, partisinin, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeterlili\u011fiyle belirlendi\u011fini bir\u00e7ok kez kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin, sosyalist sol partilerin, d\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi evrimin bir analizi gerekli hale geliyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6ncesi ve Sonras\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1989\u2019da Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte sosyalist sol i\u00e7inde Leninizm, proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve proleter enternasyonalizmi temelindeki ayr\u0131\u015fma daha da belirginle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu ayr\u0131\u015fma son 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na kadar ula\u015ft\u0131. Leninizm \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, art\u0131k \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc, g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fc, \u00e7o\u011fulcu bir sola ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu, diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck gibi kavramlar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri korkuttu\u011fu, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumun renklerinden sadece biri oldu\u011fu ve fakat toplum bir g\u00f6kku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok renkten olu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir yeni sol siyasetin de b\u00fct\u00fcn bu renkleri i\u00e7ermesi gerekti\u011fi vs ilan edildi. Bu kesimler de\u011fi\u015fik adlara sahip olmakla birlikte ortak noktalar\u0131 kendilerini 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n solu olarak tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku\u015fkusuz 1989\u2019un \u00f6ncesinde de sosyalist sol i\u00e7inde do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bu temellerde bir\u00e7ok ayr\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fand\u0131; avrokom\u00fcnizm gibi. Bu ayr\u0131\u015fmalar esas olarak Leninizmden bir kopu\u015f bi\u00e7iminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Kopu\u015fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirenlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sosyalizm program\u0131n\u0131 tamamen terk ederken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6nce Marksizm ile Leninizm aras\u0131na kal\u0131n bir \u00e7izgi \u00e7izdi. Onlara g\u00f6re Marksizm do\u011fru Leninizm ise yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Leninizmi bir t\u00fcr a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k\/sekterlik olarak g\u00f6ren bu kesimler Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 bu kez ayn\u0131 kal\u0131n \u00e7izgiyi Marx ile Marksizm aras\u0131na \u00e7izdi. Marksist olmayan Marx\u2019\u0131n bu yeniden ke\u015f Leninizm gibi Marksizmin de devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi. Tercih a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: Filozof Marx\u2019a evet, kom\u00fcnist Marx\u2019a hay\u0131r! Bu, Stalinizm ile Marksizm ve Leninizmi ve do\u011fal olarak kom\u00fcnizmi e\u015fitleyip hepsini birden Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131na g\u00f6mmekti. Oysa Stalinizm, Maoizm, bunlar\u0131n yerel uyarlamalar\u0131 olan Titoculuk, Envercilik, Castroculuk ve yine bunlar\u0131n birer yans\u0131mas\u0131 olan gerillac\u0131l\u0131k, ulusal kurtulu\u015f\u00e7uluk gibi ak\u0131mlar Leninizmin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yads\u0131n\u0131p \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proletarya Nereye Gitti? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leninizmin her \u015feyden \u00f6nce Bol\u015fevik Parti, proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve proleter enternasyonalizmi olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi, bize bu yads\u0131ma\/\u00e7arp\u0131tma tespitini yapma olana\u011f\u0131 vermekte. Ve bizatihi Ekim Devrimi ve III. Enternasyonal\u2019in kurulu\u015f tezleriyle bu ger\u00e7ek tarihe silinmez \u015fekilde yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Bu durumda Marksizm ve Leninizmi ge\u00e7ersizle\u015ftirmek isteyenler i\u00e7in bir sa\u011flam ad\u0131m daha gerekliydi. Ad\u0131m gecikmedi: \u201cElveda proletarya!\u201d Durum a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; kendisi yoksa teori ve prati\u011fine de gerek yoktu! Olmayan proletaryan\u0131n partisi gibi do\u011fal olarak enternasyonalizmi de gereksiz hale gelirdi… B\u00f6ylece proletarya i\u00e7in gereksizler listesi uzad\u0131, netle\u015fti: Devrimine, program\u0131na, partisine, enternasyonalizmine elveda! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama bir nokta h\u00e2l\u00e2 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmay\u0131 beklemekte: Yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da ifade etti\u011fimiz \u00fczere; kapitalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda her y\u0131l 6 milyonu \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere 7,2 milyon insan a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcyor, 1 milyar insan a\u00e7, 250 milyon insan i\u015fsiz, 220 milyon \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ilik yapmak zorunda… D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00fccretler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve sosyal haklar insanca ya\u015famaktan uzak. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 her yerde i\u015f\u00e7iler, emek\u00e7i yoksul halklar grev ve direni\u015flere giri\u015fiyor. \u0130\u015fsizlik, yoksulluk, a\u00e7l\u0131k gibi temel s\u0131n\u0131fsal sorunlar bir yery\u00fcz\u00fc ger\u00e7e\u011fi olmaya devam ediyor. Proletarya azalmak bir yana art\u0131yor. Kad\u0131nlar, \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar, engelliler, hastalar bu zorlu\u011fu en a\u011f\u0131r bedellerle \u00f6d\u00fcyor. B\u00f6lgeler, s\u0131n\u0131 ar, cinsler, renkler, diller ve dinler aras\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k derinle\u015fiyor. Bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kapitalizmin \u00e7arklar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ve emek\u00e7i yoksul halklar\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcyor. Emperyalist i\u015fgal ve sald\u0131rganl\u0131k ise t\u00fcm \u015fiddetiyle s\u00fcr\u00fcyor; sava\u015f neticesi milyonlarca insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor. \u00dcstelik yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm canl\u0131 hayat bir bozulma\/yok olma ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle de kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. Ve mevcut d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi \u015fimdi b\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00fcre\u00e7leri daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. K\u0131sacas\u0131 proletarya herhangi bir yere gitmedi\u011fi gibi kapitalizm de oldu\u011fu gibi ayakta! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha \u0130nsani Bir Kapitalizm Olanakl\u0131 m\u0131? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalizmin tarihi daha insani bir kapitalizmin olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi s\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesi tarihi de iktidarlar\u0131n \u201cy\u0131kmazsan y\u0131k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d defalarca kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Bu noktada do\u011frudan do\u011fruya iktidar hedefi i\u00e7ermeyen ve bu iktidar hedefinin merkezine proletaryay\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmeyen politik ak\u0131mlar\u0131n programlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz \u015fekilde kapitalist sistemin yedek lasti\u011fi olmaktad\u0131r. Kapitalizme y\u00f6nelik \u201cele\u015ftirilerini\u201d onun iyile\u015ftirilmesi\/insanile\u015ftirilmesi \u00fczerinden yapan bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 asl\u0131nda bu sistemin \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\u201d daima kabul edilebilir, sindirilebilir hale getirme i\u015flevi y\u00fcklenmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalizm b\u00fct\u00fcnsel bir sistem! \u00d6rne\u011fin reklam\/pazarlama\/t\u00fcketim s\u00fcrecinin yeniden \u00fcretti\u011fi\/besledi\u011fi kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik istismar ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ile \u00e7evrenin daha fazla k\u00e2r\/rekabet i\u00e7in tahrip edilmesi ya da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kimi b\u00f6lgelerinin do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fgal edilmesi ile i\u015fsizlik ve a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00fcreten \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 birbirini tamamlamakta. Kapitalizmin \u00fcretti\u011fi bu sorunlar\u0131n herhangi birine kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fsal i\u00e7eri\u011finden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak duyarl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermek, bu duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fat kabul edip siyasi bir parti program\u0131 ve\/veya sosyal bir hareket haline getirmek ve kapitalizmi bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden tan\u0131mlay\u0131p\/ ele\u015ftirmek san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aksine kapitalizmi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmekte. \u00c7evre, kad\u0131n, ulusal haklar, az\u0131nl\u0131klar, sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi her biri kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan bu konular\u0131n taraftarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da patronun, h\u00fck\u00fcmet\/devlet yetkilisinin bulunabilmesi hatta bir\u00e7o\u011funun bu t\u00fcr yap\u0131lar\u0131n\/hareketlerin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmesi de bu ger\u00e7e\u011fin bir g\u00f6stergesi. \u00c7evrenin tahribat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda samimi \u015fekilde g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6ken bir patronun i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretleri, sendikala\u015fma ve grev konusunda an\u0131nda \u015fahin kesilmesi; sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir aktivistin s\u00f6z konusu kendi \u00fclkesi oldu\u011funda taraf olmay\u0131, sava\u015fa taraf olmak olarak g\u00f6rmemesi gibi \u00e7eli\u015fkiler de hep bu durumun \u00f6rnekleri. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ger\u00e7ek bir kapitalizm te\u015fhiri ve emek lehine sistemin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi program ve m\u00fccadelesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bu alanlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birinde sahip olunan duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar kendi ba\u015f\u0131na sonucu de\u011fi\u015ftiremez. Microsoft\u2019un sahibi Gates\u2019in a\u00e7l\u0131k ve \u00e7ocuklar \u00fczerine kendisi gibi servet sahiplerine f\u0131r\u00e7a atmas\u0131 ya da \u0130shak Alaton\u2019un a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc kapitalistleri ger\u00e7ekten ay\u0131plamas\u0131, mevcut T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnya tablosunu ne kadar de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirse bu m\u00fccadeleler de ancak o kadar de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Ku\u015fkusuz bu, duyarl\u0131k sahiplerinin samimiyetiyle, niyetiyle ilgili de\u011fil. K\u00f6r\u00fcn li tari gibi, her duyarl\u0131l\u0131k sahibinin kapitalizmi tuttu\u011fu yerden kavramas\u0131yla ilgili. \u00dcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini par\u00e7alayarak zihinleri de par\u00e7alayan kapitalizm, bu politik\/sosyal duyarl\u0131l\u0131k alanlar\u0131nda da ger\u00e7ek bir yabanc\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurarak kendisine ciddi bir avantaj sa\u011flama becerisini g\u00f6stermekte. Bill Gateslerin, \u0130shak Alatonlar\u0131n dahi \u201cba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnya m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u201d ve olmal\u0131 dedi\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fda s\u00f6ylenmesi gereken a\u00e7\u0131k: \u201cSosyalist bir d\u00fcnya m\u00fcmk\u00fcn!\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAntikapitalist\u201d Parti ve Hareketler <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lakin bunun i\u00e7in gereken; duyarl\u0131l\u0131k, niyet ve samimiyet de\u011fil merkezinde proletaryan\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitlelerin devrimci seferberlikleri ve bu seferberlikler i\u00e7inde in\u015fa edilen i\u015f\u00e7ilerin devrimci partisidir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumsal sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duyarl\u0131l\u0131k ve inan\u00e7 sahibi olan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz aktivistleri, bu inan\u00e7 ve duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bir tek proletarya ve onun partisine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6stermemekte. Kendilerini antikapitalist olarak tan\u0131mlayan, sosyal hareketlerin hareketi \u00fczerinden konumlanan bu parti ve hareketler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de benzer bir \u015fablona sahipler. Demokrasi, insan haklar\u0131, sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kad\u0131n, \u00e7evre, ulusal haklar ve az\u0131nl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nde gelen duyarl\u0131l\u0131k noktalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmakta. Yukar\u0131da da ifade etti\u011fimiz \u00fczere bu duyarl\u0131l\u0131k noktalar\u0131nda proletarya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir devrimci toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak yer almamakta, sadece renklerden biri olarak kabul edilmekte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAntikapitalist\u201d partiler s\u0131n\u0131fsal a\u00e7\u0131dan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva (orta s\u0131n\u0131f) bir ideolojik konumlan\u0131\u015fa sahip olup politik programlar\u0131 da bu durumun bir ifadesi. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme, m\u00fccadele ara\u00e7 ve y\u00f6ntemleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bu toplumsal kesimlerin s\u0131n\u0131fsal konum ve niteliklerini yans\u0131tmakta. Toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131k noktalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e sosyal hareketin y\u00f6n\u00fc de de\u011fi\u015fmekte, bir d\u00f6nem sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karken, bir ba\u015fka d\u00f6nem askeri darbe ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler g\u00fcndemin ba\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131na oturabilmekte. \u201cAntikapitalist\u201d parti\/ hareket daima bu dalgalar\u0131n \u00fczerinde gezinmekte, g\u00fcndemde gerileyen (\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclen de\u011fil) konulara duyarl\u0131l\u0131k derhal kaybedilebilmekte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin Hrant Dink\u2019in katledilmesiyle birlikte bu s\u00fcrece neden oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131 ve yasal mevzuat -do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde- ciddi bir ele\u015ftiriye tabii tutuldu, bu y\u00f6nde kampanyalar, g\u00f6steriler d\u00fczenlendi. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 devam ederken ortaya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen kimi askeri darbe giri\u015fimleri \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve duyarl\u0131l\u0131k noktas\u0131 derhal bu y\u00f6ne kayd\u0131. Ve Hrant Dink\u2019in katlinden sorumlu g\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmet birden demokrasi ma\u011fduru kabul edilerek desteklenmesi gerekli bir kurum olarak sunulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u201cAntikapitalist\u201d hareketin kimi s\u00f6zc\u00fcleri h\u00fck\u00fcmete desteklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ilan etti. Bu kesimlere g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcmet ya da benzeri ba\u015fka bir kurum yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda ele\u015ftirilmeli, do\u011frular\u0131nda desteklenmelidir; ve do\u011fruyu kim s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve yap\u0131yorsa onunla ittifak d\u00e2hil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurmak gereklidir! Bu \u00f6ylesine bo\u015f ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir politikad\u0131r ki herhangi bir devletin\/h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu durumdakilerin deste\u011fine hay\u0131r demesi tabii ki s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Herhangi bir burjuva devletin\/h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00fczerinde toplumsal bir bask\u0131 olu\u015fmadan ya da do\u011frudan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na hizmet eden bir durum olmadan ileri\/geri bir ad\u0131m att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne zaman g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr? Ne yaz\u0131k ki yeri geldi\u011finde burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve kurumlarla ve kimi \u201cduyarl\u0131\/sanatsever\u201d sermaye sahipleriyle ittifak kurmak antikapitalist hareketin program\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonucudur… \u00d6zellikle AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde bunun bazen \u00e7evre, bazen \u201cdemokrasi\u201d, bazen de benzeri ba\u015fka bir konu temelinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fine tan\u0131k olduk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada \u201cantikapitalist\u201d hareketin bir di\u011fer \u00f6zelli\u011fini, konuyu \u00f6n planda tutup herkesle (h\u00fck\u00fcmet\/devlet d\u00e2hil) ittifak kurmay\u0131 benimsedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Oysa muhatap (\u00f6rne\u011fin h\u00fck\u00fcmet\/devlet) s\u0131n\u0131fsal niteli\u011fiyle g\u00fcndemdeki her konuya d\u00f6nemsel olarak farkl\u0131 anlamlar y\u00fckler, farkl\u0131 tutumlar al\u0131r. Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7, s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00e7\u0131kar ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin g\u00fc\u00e7ler dengesi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011finde, anl\u0131k olarak, AKP gibi bir h\u00fck\u00fcmete dahi, evet, demokrat diyebilirsiniz. Lakin bu, ger\u00e7e\u011fin o kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ki yanl\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla beklemenize gerek kalmaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ba\u015fbakan Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n ve AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin son birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kad\u0131n (3 \u00e7ocuk, zina), \u00e7evre (n\u00fckleer enerji, santraller), sosyal hayat (i\u00e7ki, evlilik), din (Alevilik), hukuk (301. Madde), demokrasi (ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Ermeni sorunu), K\u00fcrtler, DTP, i\u015f\u00e7iler (ayaklar ba\u015f m\u0131 olacak?), sendikalar, 1 May\u0131s ve benzeri onlarca ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda s\u00f6yledikleri (ku\u015fkusuz yapt\u0131klar\u0131) s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda politik bir tutumu s\u0131n\u0131fsal i\u00e7eri\u011finden ve tarihsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden koparman\u0131n ne denli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck oldu\u011fu daha a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\/De\u011fi\u015fken Toplumsal Duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Sosyalist Solun Tutumu <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendilerini do\u011frudan \u201cantikapitalist\u201d hareketler i\u00e7inde tarif etmeseler de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki sosyalist partilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da m\u00fccadele ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme eksenlerini a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bu yeni toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar \u00e7evresinde tan\u0131mlamakta. Proletarya \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselmeyen, asli \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve m\u00fccadele zeminini yeni\/de\u011fi\u015fken toplumsal kesimler ve duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerine kuran bu sosyalist partiler de ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz \u015fekilde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel, s\u0131n\u0131fsal, g\u00fcncel politik ger\u00e7eklerini kolayl\u0131kla es ge\u00e7ebilmekte. T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinde \u00f6zellikle son 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r, giderek artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bu durum daha da a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131. Gelinen noktada mevcut sosyalist partilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7in siyasi mevcudiyetlerini hangi s\u0131n\u0131fsal\/toplumsal kesimlerin \u00fczerine kuraca\u011f\u0131 sorusu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemedi! L\u00e2fz\u00ee d\u00fczeyde bu sosyalist partilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan, hatta onun en yoksul kesimlerinin i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmekten ve temsilinden bahsetse de b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada. Kapitalizm tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik krizlerinden birini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z son bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, s\u0131n\u0131f hareketi ad\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilinen en b\u00fcy\u00fck eylemlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k 90 bin ki\u015finin 29 Kas\u0131m Ankara ve 50 bin ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 \u015eubat Kad\u0131k\u00f6y mitingi olmas\u0131 bu ger\u00e7e\u011fin bir sonucu. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da da olsa \u2013pop\u00fclerle\u015fmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece- s\u00fcrmekte olan grev, direni\u015f ve m\u00fccadelelere bu sosyalist partilerin kat\u0131l\u0131m ve deste\u011finin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yine bu durumun g\u00f6stergelerinden biri. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalist solun hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na y\u00f6nelmiyorsa nereye y\u00f6neliyor? Sosyalist sol a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle son d\u00f6nemde daha da belirgin hale gelen belirli bir toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve k\u00fcmelenmeye sahip 3 temel grup var: K\u00fcrtler, Aleviler (K\u00fcrt\/T\u00fcrk) ve kentli laikler… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrtler: <\/em><\/strong>Uzun bir s\u00fcre T\u00fcrkiye solunun \u00e7e\u015fitli ak\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131ktan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda kendi siyasi projelerine ba\u011fland\u0131lar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de DTP ve PKK d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda K\u00fcrtleri kitlesel olarak b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131p temsil edebilecek bir sol siyasi parti bulunmuyor. K\u00fcrtleri DTP ve PKK \u00e7izgisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00f6nemsel a\u00e7\u0131dan kitlesel olarak temsil edebilen tek parti AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla herhangi bir T\u00fcrkiye sosyalist partisinin K\u00fcrtleri kitlesel d\u00fczeyde siyasi olarak temsil olana\u011f\u0131 bu a\u015famada yok. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aleviler: <\/em><\/strong>Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca kitlesel olarak CHP ve t\u00fcrevi partilerin \u00e7izgisini izlediler. Belirli d\u00f6nemlerde \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyalist partilere oy verseler de daima soysal demokrat olarak an\u0131lan partilerin taban\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturup Kemalist bir politik tutumu benimsediler. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle -1400\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llardan ba\u015flayarak Osmanl\u0131dan bu yana bir\u00e7ok d\u00f6nem do\u011frudan ma\u011fduru olsalar da- devlet\u00e7i oldular. AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin 3 Kas\u0131m 2002\u2019de tek ba\u015f\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcmet olmas\u0131yla birlikte ciddi bir \u015feriat\/gericilik alg\u0131s\u0131 Alevi kitlelerde egemen olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. S\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde bu alg\u0131 ger\u00e7ek bir korkuya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve devlet (\u00f6zellikle Kemalist devlet) vurgusu daha da a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131. Bu korku ve duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk Alevileri CHP \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda daha da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde bir araya getirdi. Di\u011fer yandan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar ve kimlik politikalar\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alevilerin taleplerinin kamuoyuna daha da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na olanak verdi. AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin de bu talepleri kendi siyasi \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda toplama giri\u015fimleri CHP\u2019nin bu alandaki tekelini k\u0131ramasa da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde sarst\u0131. CHP\u2019nin Alevileri temsiline dair \u015f\u00fcphe ve ele\u015ftiriler daha da yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131. AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u201cAlevi A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u201dn\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 me\u015fruiyetin de verdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcvenle \u00f6nce Kas\u0131m 2008\u2019de Ankara\u2019da 150 bin, sonra Kas\u0131m 2009\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019da 200 bin Alevi alanlar\u0131 doldurdu. Ku\u015fkusuz AKP\u2019nin Alevilerin (\u00f6zellikle de T\u00fcrk Alevilerin) kitlesel deste\u011fini almas\u0131 en az\u0131ndan mevcut ko\u015fullarda olanakl\u0131 de\u011fil. Di\u011fer yandan CHP giderek artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Alevilerin temsilcisi rol\u00fcn\u00fc yitiriyor. Bu nedenle \u015fimdi sosyalist sol partiler yeniden bu alana y\u00f6nelmi\u015f durumdalar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kentli laikler: <\/em><\/strong>K\u00fcrtler ve Aleviler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir k\u00fcme ise kentli laik kitleler. Aleviler gibi kentli laikler de AKP\u2019nin h\u00fck\u00fcmet olmas\u0131yla giderek artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde politize oldular. B\u00fcy\u00fck oranda CHP\u2019de topland\u0131lar. Baykall\u0131 CHP\u2019ye ciddi ele\u015ftirileri olsa da AKP fakt\u00f6r\u00fc nedeniyle bu se\u00e7ene\u011fi \u015fimdilik b\u0131rakacak durumda de\u011filler. \u00d6zellikle Cumhuriyet Mitingleri g\u00f6vde g\u00f6sterileri oldu. Kentli laikler i\u00e7inde \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyalist sol partilere oy verecek insanlar bulunmakta. Lakin bu insanlar da AKP kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kutup yaratmak gerekti\u011fi inanc\u0131 nedeniyle ele\u015ftirel de olsa oylar\u0131n\u0131 CHP\u2019ye vermekte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan umudunu kesmi\u015f sosyalist sol partilerin K\u00fcrtler ve kentli laikler i\u00e7inde (TKP politikalar\u0131 do\u011frudan kentli laiklerin duyarl\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011finden onu hari\u00e7 tutarak) \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme zemini olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in geriye Aleviler kal\u0131yor. Tabii ki bu yeni duruma g\u00f6z k\u0131rpan sosyalist sol partiler politikalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdi onlar\u0131n duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeniden \u015fekillendirecek. Muhtemelen bu duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulaca\u011f\u0131 alan gen\u00e7lik olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sosyalist sol partiler m\u00fccadele ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerini de \u00f6ncelikle bu sekt\u00f6rler \u00fczerine kuracaklar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\/De\u011fi\u015fken Duyarl\u0131l\u0131klarda Bir Ba\u015fka Adres: \u00c7at\u0131 Partisi <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem g\u00fcndeme gelen bir di\u011fer konu \u00e7at\u0131 partisi giri\u015fimi. \u00c7at\u0131 partisi giri\u015fimi temel olarak tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir kutup olu\u015fturma g\u00fcc\u00fcnden uzak olan sosyalistlerin, sol liberallerin, demokratlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde DTP \u00f6nderli\u011finde K\u00fcrt dinamizmine yaslanarak bu engeli a\u015fma giri\u015fimi. \u0130ttifak\u0131n ana eksenini yine yeni\/ de\u011fi\u015fken toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar olu\u015fturmakta, proletarya ise s\u00f6z konusu cephenin merkezi g\u00fcc\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sadece silik renklerinden biri durumunda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle se\u00e7im d\u00f6nemlerinde g\u00fcndeme gelen bu t\u00fcr ittifaklar\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 cephelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek isteyen e\u011filimler de bulunmakta. \u0130ster ge\u00e7ici ister kal\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte olsun belli olan tek \u015fey burada i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 politikas\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131! M\u00fccadelenin i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7iler olsa da olmasa da m\u00fccadelenin konusu emek de\u011fil yeni\/de\u011fi\u015fken toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve onun \u00f6nderli\u011finde emek\u00e7i yoksul halklar\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in eksenini Leninizm, proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve proleter enternasyonalizmi olarak \u00e7izenlerle kendilerini yeni\/de\u011fi\u015fken toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131klara g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlayarak kapitalizmi insanile\u015ftirmeyi hedef edinenlerin do\u011fal olarak ortak bir parti ve programda bulu\u015fma olana\u011f\u0131 yok. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130htiyac\u0131m\u0131z Olan 1864\u2019e De\u011fil Leninizme D\u00f6nmek <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eksenini yeni\/de\u011fi\u015fken toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131klara g\u00f6re \u00e7izmeyen, merkezinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi eksenini kategorik olarak kabul eden ama tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan bamba\u015fka bir d\u00f6nemde bulundu\u011fumuzu s\u00f6yleyen sosyalist partiler de var. Onlara g\u00f6re g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fullar\u0131 program, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve m\u00fccadele a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Leninizme ve bir Bol\u015fevik Parti in\u015fas\u0131na uygun de\u011fil. Bu perspektif sahipleri daha \u00e7ok 145 y\u0131l \u00f6ncenin (1864, I. Enternasyonal) ko\u015fullar\u0131na benzer bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fumuz kan\u0131s\u0131ndalar. Moreno, Ekim Devrimi ile Bol\u015fevik Parti aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi anlat\u0131rken \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim Devrimi, bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n biti\u015fi ile bir di\u011ferinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fimidir. Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin belirleyici etkeni olan Leninist parti, bir \u00f6nceki \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n, d\u00fcnya proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n 50 y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fckseli\u015finin ve zaferlerinin sonucudur. Bu \u00e7a\u011f olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019nin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/em>(32)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine \u00f6n gelen 50 y\u0131l\u0131n \u00fczerine 92 y\u0131l daha eklendi. D\u00fcnya proletaryas\u0131 I. Enternasyonal\u2019den bu yana 145 y\u0131ll\u0131k muazzam bir s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi deneyimine sahip durumda. Buna ra\u011fmen i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan tamamen umudunu kesen ya da onun art\u0131k merkezi \u00f6nemde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir sol kesim var. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu da ko\u015fullar\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek yeni Ekimler i\u00e7in yeni Bol\u015fevik Partiler kurman\u0131n bug\u00fcn art\u0131k olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci partisinin in\u015fas\u0131 nesnel ko\u015fullar\u0131n otomatik bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr? Moreno \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarihsel deneyim bir kez daha g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ki bir Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019nin in\u015fas\u0131, en tercih edilen nesnel ko\u015fullar dahi mevcut olsa asla nesnel ko\u015fullar\u0131n otomatik bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olamaz.<\/em>(33)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalan\u0131n Leninizm olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, proletaryan\u0131n da tarihe havale edilmedi\u011fi ortada. Ger\u00e7eklik bunu g\u00f6stermekte. Proletarya I. Enternasyonal\u2019den bu yana 145 y\u0131ld\u0131r bir\u00e7ok yenilgi ve geri \u00e7ekili\u015f ya\u015famas\u0131na ra\u011fmen en umutsuz g\u00f6r\u00fcnen durumlarda dahi kararl\u0131l\u0131kla aya\u011fa kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 bildi. Yeniden tarih sahnesinin en \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnler de uzak de\u011fil… Yeter ki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n duvarc\u0131 ustalar\u0131 ko\u015fullara teslim olmadan, umutsuzlu\u011fa kap\u0131lmadan s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n partisini en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc f\u0131rt\u0131nalara dayanakl\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde \u0131srarla in\u015faya devam etsinler… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas\u0131m 2009 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dipnotlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/What_we_do\/Officialmee- tings\/gb\/lang–en\/index.htm, eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 15.00 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/hunger\/en\/, eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 15.03. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.iscicephesi.net\/gundem-analiz\/arka-plan\/236-arka-plan-mucadeleleri- birlestirelim, eri\u015fim 06.12.2009 saat 18.30 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.iscicephesi.net\/gundem-analiz\/guncel-haber-akisi\/274-15-ubat-mitingi-ten- ckarmalar-yasaklansn eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 15.08. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.)<\/strong> TC Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Hazine M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kamu Finansman\u0131 \u0130statistikleri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Net D\u0131\u015f Bor\u00e7 Stoku verileri; http:\/\/www.hazine.gov.tr\/irj\/portal\/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl:\/\/ d86703af85f7565ea2de11c6a7b60c82.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.gundem-online.net\/haber.asp?haberid=81266, eri\u015fim 20.10.2009 saat 12.45.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.tuik.gov.tr\/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=4079 eri\u015fim 20\/11\/2009 15.24.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.)<\/strong> Bkz.  http:\/\/www.tuik.gov.tr\/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=4113 eri\u015fim 20\/11\/2009 15.27.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/Ekonomi\/2009\/11\/10\/piyasalar_ve_sanayi_ayri_dunyalarda eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 15.37. 10 Ibid. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

11.) <\/strong>Bkz. http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/Ekonomi\/HaberDetay.aspx?aType=HaberDetay&ArticleID=1161729&Date=19.11.2009&Kategori=ekonomi&b=HOLDINGLERE%20K%C3%82R%20 YAGDI eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 15.49. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

12.) <\/strong>Bkz. http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/ekonomi\/9762956.asp, eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 11.30. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

13.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/ekonomi\/9762956.asp, eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 11.30.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14.)<\/strong> Bkz.  http:\/\/www.radikal.com.trDefault.aspxaType=RadikalHaberDetay&Date=17.11.200 9&ArticleID=964718 20.11.2009 saat 11.45. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

15.)<\/strong> Bkz.  http:\/\/www.tumgazeteler.com\/?a=5254373, 20.11.2009 saat 12.23.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16.)<\/strong> Bkz.  http:\/\/www.kocaelibilisim.com\/careerread.asp?y=5014&w=17&s=84 eri\u015fim
20.11.2009 saat 15.52.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17.)<\/strong> Bkz.  http:\/\/www.tuik.gov.tr\/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=4146 eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 15.56.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.cnnturk.com\/2009\/genel\/01\/13\/otomotivin.baskentinde.rekor.isten. cikarma\/508699.0\/index.html eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 16.06. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

19.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.lpghaber.com\/Birlesik-Metal—Is-Ile-Mess-Arasinda-Anlasma-Saglandi– haberi-151461.html eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat saat 16.17. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

20.)<\/strong> Ibid.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.limteris.com\/haber\/haber_detay.asp?haberID=457 eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 16.25. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

22.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.emekdunyasi.net\/tr\/tags.asp?T=Sinter eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 16.2.6. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

23.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.sendika.org\/yazi.php?yazi_no=21028 eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 16.28. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

24.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.tumtis.org\/v1\/aciklamadetay.php?id=121 eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 16.30.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/Radikal.aspxaType=RadikalHaberDetay&ArticleID=932582&Date=23.04.2009&CategoryID=101 eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 16.31.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.tuik.gov.tr\/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=4146 eri\u015fim 20.11.2009 saat 16.33. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

27.)<\/strong> Bkz. http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/public\/english\/dialogue\/ifpdial\/publ\/wlr97\/index.htm 25.11.2009 saat 19.36 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

28.)<\/strong> Bkz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013\u00c7SGB- (http:\/\/www.csgb.gov.tr\/articles. php?category_id=50), T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu \u2013T\u00dc\u0130K- (http:\/\/www.tuik.gov.tr\/yillik\/Ist_ gostergeler.pdf), T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015fveren Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu \u2013T\u0130SK- (http:\/\/www.tisk.org. tr\/gostergeler.asp), T\u00fcrkiye Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu \u2013D\u0130SK- (http:\/\/www. disk.org.tr\/default.asp?Page=Contents&CatId=9), Petrol-\u0130\u015f D\u00fcnya Sendikal Hareketi Dos- yalar\u0131 (http:\/\/www.petrol-is.org.tr\/) verileri… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

29.)<\/strong> Bkz. Ibid. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

30.)<\/strong> Bkz. Ibid. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

31.)<\/strong> Bkz. Ibid. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

32.)<\/strong> Bkz. Ge\u00e7i\u015f Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcncellenmesi <\/em>\u2013 Tez 4, Moreno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

33.)<\/strong> Bkz. Ibid. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Giri\u015f  Eyl\u00fcl 2008 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizinin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisi her yana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. K\u0131talar, b\u00f6lgeler, \u00fclkeler, toplumun en geni\u015f kesimleri krizin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerini do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ya\u015famakta. Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z \u015fekilde krizin en ba\u015fta gelen ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonucu i\u015fsizlikteki b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f. BM Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (ILO) g\u00f6re 2008 sonu itibariyle 190 milyona […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[699],"tags":[80,541,265,196,162,531,144,204],"class_list":["post-1182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-leninist-parti","tag-devrimci","tag-etkileri","tag-insasi","tag-krizin","tag-mucadelesi","tag-partinin","tag-sinif","tag-turkiyede"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1182"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1183,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1182\/revisions\/1183"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}