{"id":1041,"date":"1844-01-02T16:25:57","date_gmt":"1844-01-02T13:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trockist.net\/?p=1041"},"modified":"2021-01-19T13:28:41","modified_gmt":"2021-01-19T10:28:41","slug":"burjuva-toplumunda-paranin-gucu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/1844\/01\/02\/burjuva-toplumunda-paranin-gucu\/","title":{"rendered":"Burjuva toplumunda paran\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yaz\u0131 Eren Ko\u00e7er taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n duygular\u0131, tutkular\u0131, vb. yaln\u0131zca dar anlamda antropolojik tan\u0131mlamalar olarak kalmay\u0131p da, ayn\u0131 zamanda insan yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten varl\u0131kbilimsel (ontolojik) olumlamalar\u0131ysa ve yaln\u0131zca nesneyi duyular\u0131yla alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in olumlan\u0131yorlarsa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Olumlama tarzlar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman ayn\u0131 ve e\u015fit olamaz; tersine, olumlaman\u0131n farkl\u0131 tarz\u0131 varolu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fini meydana getirir; nesnenin onlar i\u00e7in varoldu\u011fu tarz, doyumlar\u0131n\u0131n karakteristik tarz\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Duyusal olumlama, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekliyle nesnenin (yeme, i\u00e7me, bir nesne \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, vb.) dolays\u0131z olarak yok edilmesi oldu\u011funda, bu, nesnenin olumlanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) \u0130nsan ve duygular\u0131, vb. insani oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, nesnenin ba\u015fkas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan olumlanmas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde onun kendi doyumudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) End\u00fcstri geli\u015finceye kadar, yani \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ncaya kadar, insan tutkular\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131kbilimsel \u00f6zelli\u011fi ne insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ne de b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir; b\u00f6ylece insan\u0131n bilimi de insan\u0131n pratik etkinli\u011fiyle kendini kurmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) Yabanc\u0131la\u015fmadan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet duygusu, gerek tat al\u0131nacak nesne, gerekse etkinli\u011fin nesnesi olarak, insan i\u00e7in \u00f6zsel nesnelerin varolu\u015fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla para, her \u015feyi sat\u0131n alabilme \u00f6zelli\u011fine, b\u00fct\u00fcn nesneleri kendine mal edinme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip olu\u015fuyla, en y\u00fcksek m\u00fclklenme nesnesidir. \u00d6zelli\u011finin evrenselli\u011fi, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n her \u015feye kadir olmas\u0131d\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her \u015feyden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir varl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Para, gereksemeyle nesne, insan\u0131n hayat\u0131yla besini aras\u0131ndaki arac\u0131d\u0131r. Ama benim hayat\u0131m\u0131n bana sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka insanlar\u0131n varolu\u015flar\u0131 da sa\u011flar bana. Benim i\u00e7in \u00f6teki insand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201d Vay can\u0131na! Eller de, ayaklar da, ger\u00e7ekten<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015f da ayr\u0131ca, eril g\u00fc\u00e7ler de, hepsi senin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama yeni yeni almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m zevkler,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha m\u0131 az benim oluyor bu y\u00fczden?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diyelim ki alt\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fck at var ah\u0131r\u0131mda,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benim olmuyor mu g\u00fc\u00e7leri bu atlar\u0131n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gidiyorum d\u00f6rtnala, en eksiksizi insanlar\u0131n,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanki yirmi d\u00f6rt baca\u011f\u0131m varm\u0131\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Goethe: Faust-Mephistopheles.\u201d (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shakespeare Atina\u2019l\u0131 Timon\u2019da \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAlt\u0131n! Sapsar\u0131, p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l, halis alt\u0131n! Hay\u0131r tanr\u0131lar, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc biri de\u011filim ben\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karay\u0131 aka; e\u011friyi do\u011fruya,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

k\u00f6t\u00fcy\u00fc iyiye; soysuzu soyluya; kocam\u0131\u015f\u0131 gence; y\u00fcreksizi yi\u011fide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte, bu\u2026 Ah tanr\u0131lar, neden? Nedir bu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rahiplerinizi, k\u00f6lelerinizi \u00e7eker al\u0131r elinizden;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koca adamlar\u0131n yast\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndan;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sar\u0131 k\u00f6le<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u011flar, \u00e7\u00f6zer dinleri; g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r\u0131 kutsar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00fczzaml\u0131ya bile tapt\u0131r\u0131r insan\u0131; al\u0131r h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnvan verir, ni\u015fan verir, \u015fan verir,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oturtur senat\u00f6rle yan yana: budur<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kocam\u0131\u015f dulu yeniden gelin eden;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapanmaz yaras\u0131yla en umutsuz hastay\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allar pullar da bu, ilk yaz\u0131na kavu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Git, k\u00f6r olas\u0131 maden par\u00e7as\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n orta mal\u0131, sen,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslar\u0131 birbirine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren.\u201d(2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve daha ilerde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEy sen sevimli kral katili ve ay\u0131ran pi\u00e7inden babay\u0131!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sen kirlettin parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nla<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hymen\u2019in tertemiz yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131! Sen Cesur Mars!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sen her dem taze, sevimli, zarif zampara,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n pembeli\u011fiyle eritirsin sen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dia\u2019n\u0131n kuca\u011f\u0131ndaki kutsal kar\u0131lar\u0131!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olmayacaklar\u0131 birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6p\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren onlar\u0131! Her dilde konu\u015fup<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her anlamda laf eden, sen g\u00f6ze g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr tanr\u0131!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sen, y\u00fcrek yakan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6len insan ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131yor; kullan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birbirine ver onlar\u0131, \u00f6yle ki hayvanlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde imparatorluk kursun.\u201d (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne g\u00fczel anlat\u0131yor Shakespeare paran\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc. Bunu anlamak i\u00e7in, Goethe\u2019den al\u0131nan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyerek i\u015fe ba\u015flamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para yoluyla elde edebilece\u011fim \u015fey, sat\u0131n alabildi\u011fim, yani paran\u0131n bana sat\u0131n alabildi\u011fi \u015fey, paran\u0131n sahibi olarak, ben kendimim. G\u00fcc\u00fcm, paran\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck. Paran\u0131n nitelikleri para sahibi olarak benim niteliklerim ve potansiyelimdir. Ne oldu\u011fum ve ne yapabilece\u011fim, bu durumda, benim bireyselli\u011fim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015f olmuyor. \u00c7irkinim ben, ama d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel kad\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n alabilirim. Demek ki \u00e7irkin de\u011filim, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7irkinli\u011fin etkisi, iticili\u011fi, para kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yok oluyor. Ben-bireysel yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re -topal\u0131m: ama para bana yirmi d\u00f6rt bacak veriyor; \u00f6yleyse topal de\u011filim. Ben k\u00f6t\u00fc, namussuz, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapabilecek, kafas\u0131z bir adam\u0131m, ama sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir paraya-dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sahibine de. En iyi \u015fey parad\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sahibi de iyidir: para benim d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fckten uzakla\u015fma zahmetine girmemi \u00f6nl\u00fcyor, onun i\u00e7in d\u00fcr\u00fcst say\u0131l\u0131yorum. Kafas\u0131z\u0131n biriyim ben, ama madem para her \u015feyin ger\u00e7ek ruhu, para sahibi hi\u00e7 ruhsuz olabilir mi? \u00dcstelik para sahibi en ak\u0131ll\u0131 ki\u015fileri de sat\u0131n alabilir; insan, ak\u0131ll\u0131lardan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olunca onlardan daha ak\u0131ll\u0131 olmas\u0131 da gerekmez mi? Ben ki, para sayesinde, insan y\u00fcre\u011finin isteyebilece\u011fi her \u015feyi yapabilirim, b\u00fct\u00fcn insan erdemlerine sahip de\u011fil miyim? Bu durumda para benim b\u00fct\u00fcn yeteneksizliklerimi kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fcyor mu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beni insan hayat\u0131na ba\u011flayan, beni topluma, do\u011faya, insana ba\u011flayan \u015fey para oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, b\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u011flar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil mi para? B\u00f6ylelikle ayn\u0131 zaman da ayr\u0131lman\u0131n da evrensel arac\u0131 de\u011fil mi? Bir araya getirmenin ger\u00e7ek arac\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar, as\u0131l ayr\u0131lma ak\u0131m\u0131 da odur, toplumun kimyasal g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shakespeare paran\u0131n iki \u00f6zelli\u011fini \u00f6ncelikle vurguluyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) B\u00fct\u00fcn insani ve do\u011fal nitelikleri kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131na \u00e7evirebilen g\u00f6ze g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr tanr\u0131, nesnelerin evrensel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc ve de\u011fi\u015ftiricisidir; \u201colmayacaklar\u0131 birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n orta mal\u0131, insanlar\u0131n ve uluslar\u0131n ortak arac\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn insani ve do\u011fal nitelikleri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ve de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 birle\u015ftirmek-paran\u0131n tanr\u0131sal g\u00fcc\u00fc, insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yabanc\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f, yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (tecrit edilmi\u015f), d\u0131\u015fla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelli\u011fi olu\u015funda yatar. Para, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yetene\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir insan olarak yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131, yani, b\u00fct\u00fcn bireysel yetilerimin ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi, para sayesinde yapabilirim. Onun i\u00e7in para bu yetilerimin her birini asl\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey yapar, yani onu kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ac\u0131km\u0131\u015f, yemek istiyorsam ya da y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye g\u00fcc\u00fcm yetmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in arabaya binmek istiyorsam, para yeme\u011fi de sa\u011flar bana arabay\u0131 da, yani, isteklerimi hayal g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr, onlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, imgelenmi\u015f, istenmi\u015f varolu\u015flar\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek duyusal varolu\u015flar\u0131na \u00e7evirir, imgelemden hayata, imgelenen varl\u0131k durumundan ger\u00e7ek varl\u0131k durumuna aktar\u0131r. Bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinde para ger\u00e7ek yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paras\u0131 olmayanlarda da vard\u0131r istek, ama onlar\u0131n iste\u011fi benim, bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin \u00fczerinde hi\u00e7bir etkisi olmayan bir imgelem \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr; bu iste\u011fin varolu\u015fu yoktur, bu y\u00fczden ger\u00e7ekd\u0131\u015f\u0131, hedefsizdir benim i\u00e7in. Paraya dayanan etkili istekle benim gereksemelerime, tutkular\u0131ma, dileklerime dayanan etkisiz istek aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m, varl\u0131k ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme\u2019nin, yaln\u0131z benim i\u00e7imde var olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle, benim d\u0131\u015f\u0131mda benim i\u00e7in var olan ger\u00e7ek nesne bi\u00e7imindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer geziye \u00e7\u0131kacak param yoksa geziye \u00e7\u0131kmaya da ihtiyac\u0131m yoktur. Bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya yatk\u0131n bir yetene\u011fim varsa, ama yeterli param yoksa, o zaman hi\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yetene\u011fim, yani ger\u00e7ek ve etkili bir yetene\u011fim yok demektir. \u00d6te yandan, ger\u00e7ekten hi\u00e7 bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yetene\u011fim yoksa, ama gerekli istek ve param varsa, demek ki benim yetene\u011fim etkilidir. \u0130nsan olarak insandan ve insan toplumu olarak toplumdan do\u011fmayan, evrensel bir d\u0131\u015fsal ara\u00e7 ve yeti olarak para; imgelemi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi de bo\u015f bir imgelem \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne \u00e7evirebilme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahiptir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, ger\u00e7ek kusurlar\u0131 ve fantezileri, yani yaln\u0131zca bireyin hayalinde var olan ger\u00e7ekten g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz yetileri, ger\u00e7ek yeti ve yeteneklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebildi\u011fi gibi, ger\u00e7ek insani ve do\u011fal yetileri de kat\u0131ks\u0131zca soyut fikirlere, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kusurlara, ac\u0131 veren fantezilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece, bu karakteristi\u011fiyle, genel olarak bireysellikleri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren, onlar\u0131 kendi kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 yapan, kendi \u00f6zellikleri yerine \u00e7eli\u015fik \u00f6zelliklerle donatan \u015fey parad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak, bireye kar\u015f\u0131, toplumsal ba\u011flara ve \u00f6z olma iddias\u0131nda bulunan ba\u015fka ba\u011flara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterir kendini. Sadakati sadakatsizli\u011fe, sevgiyi nefrete, nefreti sevgiye, iyili\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iyili\u011fe, k\u00f6leyi efendiye, efendiyi k\u00f6leye, aptall\u0131\u011f\u0131 akla, akl\u0131 da aptall\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etkin ve var olan de\u011fer kavram\u0131 olarak para her \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fine ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, her \u015feyin evrensel de\u011fi\u015ftiricisi ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f d\u00fcnya, b\u00fct\u00fcn insani ve do\u011fal niteliklerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc ve de\u011fi\u015ftiricisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cesareti sat\u0131n alabilen ki\u015fi, korkak da olsa, cesurdur. Para, para sahibinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, belirli bir nitelik, belirli bir \u015fey, ya da insani yetilerle de\u011fil de b\u00fct\u00fcn insani ve do\u011fal nesneler d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile takas edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, baz\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerin yerine, aralar\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fik \u00f6zellikler ve nesneler de bulunan, ba\u015fka \u00f6zellikler koyar; olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n birle\u015fmesini temsil eder, \u00e7eli\u015fik \u00f6geleri kucakla\u015fmaya zorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan\u0131 insan olarak, d\u00fcnyayla ili\u015fkilerini de insani ili\u015fkiler olarak kabul ederseniz, sevgiyi yaln\u0131z sevgiyle, g\u00fcveni yaln\u0131z g\u00fcvenle de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz. Sanat\u0131n tad\u0131na varmak istiyorsan\u0131z, sanat k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc alm\u0131\u015f biri olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z; ba\u015fkalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili olmak istiyorsan\u0131z, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten canland\u0131ran ve y\u00fcreklendiren biri olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130nsanla -ve do\u011fayla- ili\u015fkilerinizin her biri, ger\u00e7ek bireysel hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n belirli bir \u015fekilde kendini g\u00f6steri\u015fi olmal\u0131, isteminizin nesnesine uymal\u0131d\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sevgi uyand\u0131rmadan seviyorsan\u0131z; yani sevgi olarak, sevginiz kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sevgi yaratm\u0131yorsa; seven bir ki\u015fi olarak, d\u0131\u015favurumunuzla kendinizi sevilen bir ki\u015fi yapam\u0131yorsan\u0131z: O zaman sevginiz g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczd\u00fcr. Bir talihsizlik!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> 1844 El Yazmalar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.)<\/strong> Goethe, Faust, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1.-Ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.)<\/strong> Shakespeare, Atinal\u0131 Timon, Perde 4, Sahne 3. (Marx\u2019\u0131n al\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 Schlegel-Tieck \u00e7evirisinden.)-Ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.)<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 yerde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yaz\u0131 Eren Ko\u00e7er taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. *** \u0130nsan\u0131n duygular\u0131, tutkular\u0131, vb. yaln\u0131zca dar anlamda antropolojik tan\u0131mlamalar olarak kalmay\u0131p da, ayn\u0131 zamanda insan yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten varl\u0131kbilimsel (ontolojik) olumlamalar\u0131ysa ve yaln\u0131zca nesneyi duyular\u0131yla alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in olumlan\u0131yorlarsa: (1) Olumlama tarzlar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman ayn\u0131 ve e\u015fit olamaz; tersine, olumlaman\u0131n farkl\u0131 tarz\u0131 varolu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fini meydana getirir; nesnenin onlar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1042,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[703,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi-politik","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1041"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1041\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1732,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1041\/revisions\/1732"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1041"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trockist.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}